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Evolución de la autocompatibilidad en Arabidopsis por una mutación en el gen de especificidad masculina

Takashi Tsuchimatsu¹, Keita Suwabe, Rie Shimizu-Inatsugi

¹Institute of Plant Biology, University Research Priority Program in Systems Biology/Functional Genomics & Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland.

|April 20, 2010

Resumen

Una mutación que desactiva el gen masculino de autoincompatibilidad (SCR) en Arabidopsis thaliana es casi fija en las poblaciones europeas. Este cambio genético, una inversión de 213-bp en SCR, facilita la autofertilización y se alinea con las predicciones evolutivas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Genética vegetal Genética vegetal
Biología Molecular Biología Molecular

Sus antecedentes:

La autofertilización (selfing) es una transición evolutiva común en las plantas con flores.
Los sistemas de autoincompatibilidad (SI) evitan la autoincompatibilidad a través de genes de especificidad masculina y femenina en el S-locus.
Los modelos teóricos predicen que las mutaciones masculinas que inhabilitan el SI se propagan más rápido que las mutaciones femeninas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las bases genéticas y la prevalencia geográfica de la evolución del selfing en Arabidopsis thaliana.
Determinar si las mutaciones en los genes masculinos (SCR), femeninos (SRK) o modificadores causaron la pérdida de SI.
Identificar si alguna mutación disruptiva del SI ha alcanzado una alta frecuencia en poblaciones naturales.

Principales métodos:

Análisis genómico de las adhesiones de la Arabidopsis thaliana europea para identificar mutaciones.
Los cruces interespecíficos con Arabidopsis halleri para probar la función SI femenina.
La expresión transgénica del SCR funcional en las adhesiones mutantes para restaurar el SI.

Principales resultados:

Se encontró una inversión de 213-bp en el gen SCR, o deleciones que abarcan SCR, en el 95% de las adhesiones europeas de A. thaliana.
Algunas adhesiones de A. thaliana mantuvieron componentes SI femeninos funcionales (SRK), confirmados por cruces interespecíficos.
La restauración de la SCR funcional en plantas transgénicas restableció la reacción SI.

Conclusiones:

Una inversión disruptiva en el gen de especificidad masculina SCR es la causa principal de la autoinmunidad en la Arabidopsis thaliana europea.
Esta mutación SCR es casi fija en amplias regiones geográficas, lo que apoya las predicciones evolutivas.
La pérdida de SI en A. thaliana es impulsada predominantemente por mutaciones en el componente masculino (SCR).

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