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Factores de riesgo de tromboembolismo venoso: resultados del Estudio del Corazón de la Ciudad de Copenhague

Anders G Holst¹, Gorm Jensen, Eva Prescott

¹Danish Arrhythmia Research Center, Department of Cardiology B2142, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. anders@kanten.dk

|April 21, 2010

Resumen

La obesidad y el tabaquismo son factores de riesgo significativos para el tromboembolismo venoso (TEV). A diferencia de otros marcadores cardiovasculares, el alto índice de masa corporal y los hábitos de fumar predicen fuertemente la aparición de TEV.

Área de la Ciencia:

Medicina Cardiovascular La medicina cardiovascular es una especialidad de la salud.
Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Salud Pública La salud pública.

Sus antecedentes:

Estudios previos sugieren una relación entre los factores de riesgo de la enfermedad aterosclerótica y el tromboembolismo venoso (TEV), pero los hallazgos son inconsistentes.
La investigación pone de relieve la necesidad de aclarar los factores de riesgo de TEV, en particular los que se superponen con la enfermedad aterosclerótica.

Objetivo del estudio:

Identificar los principales factores de riesgo para el tromboembolismo venoso (TEV).
Investigar específicamente la asociación entre los factores de riesgo de la enfermedad aterosclerótica y la incidencia de TEV.

Principales métodos:

Estudio prospectivo de cohorte utilizando datos del Estudio del Corazón de la Ciudad de Copenhague (1976-2007).
El análisis incluyó a 18.954 sujetos con 360.399 años-persona de seguimiento.
Se utilizaron modelos multivariables ajustados por edad y tiempo calendario para evaluar los factores de riesgo de TEV.

Principales resultados:

La obesidad (IMC ≥35 vs <20) aumentó significativamente el riesgo de TEV (HR = 2,10).
Fumar (≥25g/día) se asoció con un aumento del 52% en el riesgo de TEV (HR=1.52).
La presión arterial diastólica más alta y el género masculino también se correlacionaron con un mayor riesgo de TEV, mientras que un mayor ingreso familiar mostró un efecto protector.

Conclusiones:

La obesidad y el tabaquismo se identifican como factores de riesgo significativos para el tromboembolismo venoso (TEV).
No se encontró que los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares tradicionales como los niveles de colesterol, triglicéridos y diabetes mellitus estuvieran asociados con TEV en este estudio.

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