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Poniendo el entrenamiento cerebral a prueba.

Adrian M Owen1, Adam Hampshire, Jessica A Grahn

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Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los programas comerciales de entrenamiento cerebral no muestran evidencia de mejorar la función cognitiva general. Si bien las habilidades específicas entrenadas mejoran, los beneficios no se transfieren a las tareas no entrenadas en la población en general.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Psicología Cognitiva Psicología cognitiva.
  • La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
  • Interacción entre el hombre y la computadora Interacción entre el hombre y la computadora

Sus antecedentes:

  • La industria del entrenamiento cerebral es un mercado multimillonario.
  • La evidencia científica de la eficacia del entrenamiento cerebral computarizado es limitada.
  • Los estudios existentes muestran efectos modestos en poblaciones específicas (personas mayores, niños en edad preescolar) o habilidades relacionadas (atención visual en jugadores).

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar si el entrenamiento cerebral computarizado mejora la función cognitiva general.
  • Para determinar si los beneficios del entrenamiento cognitivo se transfieren a tareas no entrenadas.
  • Evaluar la eficacia de los programas de entrenamiento cerebral ampliamente disponibles.

Principales métodos:

  • Un estudio en línea de seis semanas que involucró a 11.430 participantes.
  • Los participantes participaron en sesiones regulares de entrenamiento cognitivo dirigidas al razonamiento, la memoria, la planificación, las habilidades visuoespaciales y la atención.
  • El rendimiento se evaluó en tareas cognitivas entrenadas y no entrenadas.

Principales resultados:

  • Los participantes mostraron mejoras en todas las tareas cognitivas entrenadas.
  • No se encontró evidencia de efectos de transferencia a tareas no entrenadas.
  • Esta falta de transferencia persistió incluso para las tareas no entrenadas relacionadas cognitivamente.

Conclusiones:

  • El entrenamiento cerebral computarizado mejora el rendimiento solo en las tareas específicas entrenadas.
  • Hay una falta de apoyo empírico para la afirmación de que el entrenamiento cerebral mejora las capacidades cognitivas generales en la población en general.
  • La creencia generalizada en la amplia eficacia de los programas comerciales de entrenamiento cerebral no está respaldada por los hallazgos de este estudio.