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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Inheritance01:25

Inheritance

Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype traits...
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Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
Polygenic Traits01:18

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When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
09:37

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

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El genotipo al fenotipo: un problema complejo.

Robin D Dowell1, Owen Ryan, An Jansen

  • 1Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 24, 2010
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La comparación de dos cepas de levadura reveló genes condicionalmente esenciales, destacando cómo los antecedentes genéticos y las interacciones complejas influyen en los rasgos, similares a la variación humana.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La genómica es la genómica.
  • Genética de la levadura genética de la levadura.
  • La genómica comparada es una genómica comparada.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las cepas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sigma1278b y S288c exhiben una variación genética significativa, análoga a la diversidad genética humana.
  • Comprender la esencialidad genética específica de la cepa es crucial para descifrar las diferencias fenotípicas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para generar una secuencia del genoma de alta resolución de la cepa de levadura Sigma1278b.
  • Identificar genes esenciales en una cepa pero no en la otra a través de un análisis de deleción de todo el genoma.
  • Investigar las bases genéticas de la esencialidad condicional de los genes.

Principales métodos:

  • Secuenciación de todo el genoma de alta resolución de Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sigma1278b.
  • Construcción y análisis fenotípico de una biblioteca de 5100 mutantes de deleción de un solo gen en Sigma1278b.
  • Análisis comparativo de todo el genoma de fenotipos mutantes de deleción entre Sigma1278b y S288c.

Principales resultados:

  • Sigma1278b y S288c difieren en un promedio de 3,2 polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido por kilobase.
  • Identificaron 44 genes esenciales únicos de Sigma1278b y 13 genes esenciales únicos de S288c.
  • La esencialidad específica de la cepa se atribuyó con frecuencia a complejas interacciones genéticas que involucran múltiples modificadores específicos de fondo.

Conclusiones:

  • La variación fenotípica entre los individuos, incluso los estrechamente relacionados, puede surgir de complejas interacciones genéticas y modificadores específicos de fondo.
  • Este estudio proporciona un valioso recurso genómico para la investigación de Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de los antecedentes genéticos para determinar la función y la esencialidad de los genes.