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Control estequiométrico de las relaciones de nitrato de carbono orgánico desde los suelos hasta el mar

Philip G Taylor¹, Alan R Townsend

¹INSTAAR, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA. philip.taylor@colorado.edu

|April 24, 2010

Resumen

El aumento del nitrógeno reactivo de las actividades humanas causa la acumulación de nitratos en los ecosistemas. La disponibilidad de carbono orgánico, impulsada por procesos microbianos y estequiometría de recursos, controla los niveles de nitratos en diversos entornos, desde los suelos hasta el océano.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
Ecología Ecología Ecología.
Biogeoquímica La biogeoquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

Las actividades humanas como el uso de fertilizantes han aumentado el nitrógeno reactivo, interrumpiendo el ciclo global del nitrógeno.
La acumulación de nitratos en los ecosistemas de agua dulce y marinos es un problema ambiental significativo.
La reorganización del ciclo del nitrógeno afecta la producción de alimentos y la salud del ecosistema.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la relación entre la acumulación de nitrato en el ecosistema y la disponibilidad de carbono orgánico.
Comprender cómo la estequiometría de recursos influye en la acumulación de nitratos en diversos entornos.
Explorar el papel de los procesos microbianos en la regulación de los niveles de nitrato.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de la acumulación de nitratos a lo largo de un continuo hidrológico (suelos al océano abierto).
Meta-análisis de los procesos microbianos de acoplamiento de carbono orgánico disuelto y el ciclo de nitratos.
Examen de la estequiometría de los recursos (razones carbono:nitrato orgánico) y su impacto en el anabolismo y catabolismo microbiano.

Principales resultados:

La acumulación de nitratos en el ecosistema muestra una correlación no lineal negativa con la disponibilidad de carbono orgánico.
La estequiometría de recursos (carbono:nitrato orgánico) regula los procesos microbianos que afectan la acumulación de nitrato.
Los procesos microbianos, incluida la heterotropía, nitrificación y desnitrificación, operan dentro de una ventana estequiométrica restringida.

Conclusiones:

La estequiometría ecológica proporciona un marco para comprender el destino de los nitratos en diversos ecosistemas.
La regulación microbiana del ciclo del carbono y el nitrógeno es clave para controlar la acumulación de nitratos.
Los hallazgos son aplicables tanto a entornos naturales como a los alterados por el hombre, ofreciendo información sobre la gestión de la contaminación por nitrógeno.

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