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Un papel para las interacciones huésped-parásito en la transferencia horizontal de transposones a través de filas
Clément Gilbert1, Sarah Schaack, John K Pace
1Department of Biology, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
Nature
|April 30, 2010
Resumen
Las interacciones huésped-parásito facilitan la transferencia horizontal de material genético, específicamente transposones, entre invertebrados y vertebrados. Este proceso tiene un impacto significativo en la evolución genómica de los animales, incluidos los vectores de enfermedades.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genómica es la genómica.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Parasitología Parasitología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La transferencia horizontal (HT) es un mecanismo evolutivo clave en los eucariotas.
- Los transposones son elementos genéticos móviles propensos a HT, pero sus rutas de transmisión entre especies no están claras.
- Se hipotetiza que las relaciones huésped-parásito median HT.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel de las interacciones huésped-parásito en la transferencia horizontal de transposones entre invertebrados y vertebrados.
- Identificar familias específicas de transposones y sus huéspedes involucrados en HT.
- Proporcionar evidencia de que el HT facilita la evolución genómica.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis comparativo de genómica de las familias de transposones en los genomas de huéspedes y parásitos.
- Análisis filogenético para determinar los orígenes y relaciones de los transposones.
- Identificación de transposones en vectores de enfermedades como el Rhodnius prolixus y el Lymnaea stagnalis.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontraron cuatro familias distintas de transposones en Rhodnius prolixus y una variedad de huéspedes tetrápodos.
- Estos transposones de insectos mostraron identidad de alta secuencia y agrupación filogenética con los de los huéspedes mamíferos (oposso, mono ardilla).
- Se identificó una familia de transposones en Lymnaea stagnalis, con secuencias similares a las de los mamíferos del Viejo Mundo.
Conclusiones:
- Las interacciones huésped-parásito, en particular las infecciones por sangre y trematodos, facilitan la transmisión del transposón HT entre invertebrados y vertebrados.
- La amplificación de los transposones transferidos horizontalmente contribuye a la evolución genómica en los animales.
- Este estudio proporciona una fuerte evidencia del papel de las interacciones parasitarias en la mediación del intercambio genético entre especies.
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