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Causas globales, regionales y nacionales de la mortalidad infantil en 2008: un análisis sistemático
Robert E Black1, Simon Cousens, Hope L Johnson
1Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. rblack@jhsph.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|May 15, 2010
Resumen
Enfermedades infecciosas como la neumonía y la diarrea fueron las principales causas de muerte en niños menores de cinco años en 2008. Abordar las intervenciones de salud materna, neonatal y infantil es crucial para reducir la mortalidad infantil.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Infantil Global La salud infantil global.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Demografía La demografía es la demografía.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los datos precisos sobre las causas de la mortalidad infantil son vitales para las iniciativas globales de supervivencia infantil.
- Este estudio presenta estimaciones actualizadas para el año 2008 con respecto a las principales causas de muerte en niños menores de cinco años.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proporcionar estimaciones globales actualizadas de las causas de la mortalidad infantil para 2008.
- Informar sobre intervenciones específicas y asignación de recursos para mejorar las tasas de supervivencia infantil en todo el mundo.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron modelos de mortalidad proporcional por múltiples causas para recién nacidos (0-27 días) y niños (1-59 meses).
- Modelos de enfermedad por causa única incorporados y datos de registro vitales cuando estén disponibles.
- Causas de muerte estimadas para 193 países, calculando el número de muertes por causa a nivel mundial, regional y nacional.
Principales resultados:
- En 2008, se estimó que 8.795 millones de muertes ocurrieron en niños menores de cinco años en todo el mundo.
- Las enfermedades infecciosas representaron el 68% de las muertes, principalmente neumonía (18%), diarrea (15%) y malaria (8%).
- Las muertes neonatales (41%) se debieron principalmente a las complicaciones del parto prematuro (12%), la asfixia al nacer (9%) y la sepsis (6%).
Conclusiones:
- Las estimaciones específicas de cada país son esenciales para enfocar los programas nacionales y la ayuda de los donantes.
- Lograr el Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio 4 requiere abordar la alta mortalidad a través de intervenciones de salud materna, neonatal e infantil.
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