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La dinámica poblacional y el control de la tuberculosis

Christopher Dye¹, Brian G Williams

¹World Health Organization, CH1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. dyec@who.int

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 15, 2010

Resumen

El control de la tuberculosis (TB) ha tratado a millones, sin embargo, los nuevos casos aumentan. El diagnóstico y el tratamiento tempranos son clave para interrumpir la transmisión y controlar este persistente desafío de salud global.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Pública La salud pública.
Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
Epidemiología La epidemiología.

Sus antecedentes:

Las estrategias de control de la tuberculosis (TB) han tratado a más de 36 millones de pacientes desde 1995.
A pesar de los esfuerzos de control, la incidencia global de nuevos casos de TB está aumentando, llegando a cerca de 10 millones en 2010.
La compleja relación entre Mycobacterium tuberculosis y su huésped humano contribuye a la persistencia de la TB.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar la evolución de la relación huésped-patógeno en la tuberculosis.
Examinar los factores que contribuyen a la persistencia de la TB en todo el mundo.
Identificar las prioridades para un control efectivo de la TB.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura existente sobre epidemiología y control de la tuberculosis.
Análisis de la dinámica huésped-patógeno de Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Examen de los factores sociales, institucionales y epidemiológicos que influyen en el control de la TB.

Principales resultados:

Si bien existen intervenciones para reducir la susceptibilidad y una vacuna podría ayudar a la prevención, estas no son las únicas soluciones.
El diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento farmacológico oportuno son fundamentales para interrumpir la transmisión de la TB.
El éxito de cualquier tecnología de control de la TB depende en gran medida del contexto de su aplicación.

Conclusiones:

La interrupción de la transmisión de la TB a través del diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos sigue siendo la máxima prioridad.
Los avances tecnológicos en el control de la tuberculosis deben tener en cuenta el entorno socioinstitucional y epidemiológico.
Abordar la persistencia de la TB requiere un enfoque multifacético más allá de las intervenciones médicas.

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