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La transferencia horizontal de genes por la planta parásita Striga hermonthicaca es un hecho
Satoko Yoshida1, Shinichiro Maruyama, Hisayoshi Nozaki
1RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 29, 2010
Resumen
Se confirma la transferencia horizontal de genes (HGT) entre las plantas parásitas y sus huéspedes. Se encontró un gen nuclear de un cultivo monocotiledónico en la hierba parásita Striga hermonthica, lo que proporciona evidencia empírica de HGT en la naturaleza.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genética La genética.
- Biología Vegetal Biología Vegetal
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- La transferencia horizontal de genes (HGT) es un mecanismo para el intercambio de material genético.
- Si bien se postula entre cultivos y plantas parasitarias, la evidencia empírica ha sido escasa.
- Striga hermonthica es una importante hierba parásita que afecta a numerosas especies de hierba en África.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proporcionar evidencia empírica de HGT entre las plantas parásitas y sus huéspedes.
- Para investigar la transferencia de genes nucleares de los cultivos de monocotes a las eudicotas parásitas.
- Para analizar la composición genética de Striga hermonthica en busca de evidencia de integración genética extranjera.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la etiqueta de secuencia expresada (EST, por sus siglas en inglés) de Striga hermonthica.
- Análisis filogenético de genes identificados.
- Comparación de la conservación de genes entre especies de plantas (monocotiledóneas y eudicotiledóneas).
Principales resultados:
- Un gen nuclear, conservado en monocotiledóneas pero ausente en otras eudicotas, fue identificado en Striga hermonthica.
- El análisis filogenético indicó que este gen se agrupa con genes del sorgo, un huésped conocido de S. hermonthica.
- Esto proporciona una fuerte evidencia de un evento natural de HGT.
Conclusiones:
- Los genes nucleares pueden ser capturados naturalmente por las malas hierbas parásitas de sus huéspedes monocotiledóneas.
- Este estudio presenta la primera evidencia empírica de HGT que involucra un gen nuclear en plantas parásitas.
- Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones para comprender la evolución de las plantas y desarrollar nuevas estrategias de protección de cultivos.
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