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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors
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La reprogramación nuclear a un estado pluripotente mediante tres enfoques.

Shinya Yamanaka1, Helen M Blau

  • 1Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.

Nature
|June 11, 2010
PubMed
Resumen

Las células adultas pueden ser reprogramadas en diferentes tipos de células, lo que demuestra una significativa plasticidad celular. Esta reprogramación, lograda a través de varios métodos, es prometedora para futuras aplicaciones médicas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología celular y molecular Biología celular y molecular
  • Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
  • La Medicina Regenerativa es una Medicina Regenerativa.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los estados estables de las células diferenciadas están controlados dinámicamente y son susceptibles a las perturbaciones.
  • La reprogramación celular permite a las células adultas alterar la expresión génica y el destino celular.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Explorar los mecanismos y las implicaciones de la reprogramación celular.
  • Para resaltar las posibles aplicaciones médicas de la plasticidad celular inducida.

Principales métodos:

  • La transferencia nuclear es una transferencia nuclear.
  • La fusión celular es la fusión celular.
  • Transducción de transducción del factor de transcripción.

Principales resultados:

  • Demostró que los núcleos de células somáticas "terminalmente diferenciadas" pueden ser reprogramados.
  • Se demostró la expresión inducida de genes de células madre embrionarias en células somáticas reprogramadas.
  • Confirmó el potencial de las células reprogramadas para diferenciarse en varios tipos de células.

Conclusiones:

  • La plasticidad celular es una característica clave de las células diferenciadas, que permite la reprogramación.
  • Los enfoques experimentales como la transferencia nuclear, la fusión celular y la transducción inducen efectivamente la reprogramación.
  • La reprogramación celular ofrece un potencial significativo para los avances médicos y las terapias.