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La transición a la adicción se asocia con un deterioro persistente en la plasticidad sináptica

Fernando Kasanetz¹, Véronique Deroche-Gamonet, Nadège Berson

¹INSERM U862, NeuroCentre Magendie, 147 Rue Léo Saignat, 33077, Bordeaux Cedex, France.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 26, 2010

Resumen

La exposición crónica a las drogas altera la función cerebral. La adicción está vinculada a la depresión a largo plazo (LTD) deteriorada en el núcleo accumbens, un mecanismo clave de plasticidad sináptica, mientras que la ingesta controlada permite la recuperación.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurobiología es la neurobiología.
Adicción Ciencia Ciencia de la adicción.
La plasticidad sináptica.

Sus antecedentes:

El uso crónico de drogas causa cambios significativos en el cerebro.
Las adaptaciones neurobiológicas específicas que impulsan la transición a la adicción siguen sin estar claras.
La depresión a largo plazo (LTD) es una forma crucial de plasticidad sináptica en el núcleo accumbens.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las adaptaciones neurobiológicas subyacentes a la transición a la adicción.
Para determinar el papel de la depresión a largo plazo (LTD) en el desarrollo de la adicción.
Examinar cómo LTD se ve afectado por la autoadministración crónica de cocaína en un modelo de rata.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó un modelo de ratas de autoadministración de cocaína.
Depresión evaluada a largo plazo (LTD) en el núcleo accumbens.
Comparó la LTD en animales que desarrollaron características de adicción frente a aquellos que mantuvieron la ingesta controlada.

Principales resultados:

La autoadministración de cocaína rápidamente suprime la LTD.
Los animales que exhibían señales de adicción mostraron LTD. permanentemente deteriorado.
Las ratas no adictas con ingesta controlada de drogas demostraron una recuperación progresiva de LTD.

Conclusiones:

LTD con discapacidad persistente puede mediar la transición a la adicción.
La adicción se asocia con un comportamiento inflexible de búsqueda de drogas resistente a la modulación ambiental.
El deterioro de la LTD es un potencial marcador neurobiológico para el desarrollo de la adicción.

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