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Distribución global del quirófano y suministro de oximetría de pulso: una estimación a partir de los datos reportados
Luke M Funk1, Thomas G Weiser, William R Berry
1Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. lfunk@partners.org
Lancet (London, England)
|July 6, 2010
Resumen
El acceso global a la cirugía es desigual, con regiones de bajos ingresos que tienen menos de dos quirófanos por cada 100.000 personas. Muchos quirófanos carecen de oximetría de pulso esencial, lo que afecta la seguridad quirúrgica de miles de millones de personas en todo el mundo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Global La salud global.
- Servicios quirúrgicos Servicios quirúrgicos.
- Equidad en salud Equidad en salud.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los recursos inadecuados a menudo limitan la disponibilidad de servicios quirúrgicos en todo el mundo.
- Las salas de operaciones y los dispositivos de monitoreo esenciales como la oximetría de pulso son indicadores clave de la capacidad quirúrgica.
- Existen diferencias significativas en el acceso a la atención quirúrgica a nivel mundial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para estimar la distribución global de las salas de operaciones.
- Para cuantificar la disponibilidad de oximetría de pulso en quirófanos de todo el mundo.
- Identificar las disparidades en los recursos quirúrgicos en diferentes regiones del mundo.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos de 769 hospitales en 92 países que participan en la iniciativa de la OMS "La cirugía segura salva vidas".
- Las proporciones calculadas de quirófanos a camas de hospital y las estimaciones de quirófanos por cada 100.000 personas.
- Se encuestó a proveedores de anestesia en 72 países y se utilizó el modelado de regresión para evaluar la disponibilidad de oximetría de pulso.
Principales resultados:
- La disponibilidad de quirófanos varió significativamente, desde 1.0 por cada 100.000 en el oeste del África subsahariana hasta 25.1 por cada 100.000 en Europa oriental.
- Las regiones de bajos ingresos, que atienden a 2.200 millones de personas, tenían menos de dos quirófanos por cada 100.000 personas.
- Aproximadamente el 19,2% de las salas de operaciones mundiales carecían de oximetría de pulso, lo que afectaba la seguridad quirúrgica.
Conclusiones:
- Se requieren mejoras urgentes en las estrategias y el monitoreo de la salud pública.
- Abordar las disparidades en el acceso quirúrgico es fundamental para más de 2 mil millones de personas.
- La mejor asignación de recursos y el monitoreo son esenciales para mejorar la atención quirúrgica global.
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