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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...

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Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)
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Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)

Published on: March 25, 2012

El ARN largo no codificante como andamio modular de los complejos de modificación de histonas.

Miao-Chih Tsai1, Ohad Manor, Yue Wan

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 10, 2010
PubMed
Resumen

Los ARN no codificantes intergenicos largos (ARN linc) actúan como andamios, uniendo distintos complejos de modificación de histonas. Este ensamblaje mediado por ARN coordina la herencia epigenética guiando modificaciones específicas de histonas en la cromatina.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • La epigenética es la epigenética.
  • La genómica es la genómica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los ARN no codificantes intergenicos largos (ARN linc) son reguladores clave de los estados de la cromatina y la herencia epigenética.
  • Comprender los mecanismos por los cuales los lincRNAs influyen en la expresión génica es crucial para descifrar la regulación epigenética.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar el papel del lincRNA HOTAIR como un andamio para los complejos de modificación de histonas.
  • Para aclarar cómo HOTAIR facilita el ensamblaje y la orientación de distintos modificadores epigenéticos a la cromatina.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis bioquímicos para determinar las interacciones de unión entre HOTAIR y los complejos de modificación de histonas.
  • La inmunoprecipitación de cromatina (ChIP) para evaluar la orientación de los complejos hacia loci genómicas específicas.

Principales resultados:

  • HOTAIR funciona como un andamio, vinculando tanto el Complejo Represivo Polycomb 2 (PRC2) a través de su dominio 5' como el complejo LSD1/CoREST/REST a través de su dominio 3'.
  • El ensamblaje mediado por ARN de PRC2 y LSD1 por HOTAIR permite la metilación coordinada de la histona H3 y la lisina 27 y la desmetilación de la lisina 4.
  • Esta acción coordinada especifica el patrón de las modificaciones histónicas en los genes objetivo.

Conclusiones:

  • Los lincRNAs, ejemplificados por HOTAIR, pueden servir como andamios para ensamblar enzimas de modificación de histonas.
  • Este mecanismo de andamiaje proporciona una nueva vía para la regulación mediada por ARN de los estados de la cromatina y la herencia epigenética.
  • Los hallazgos destacan un principio general para la función del lincRNA en la especificación de modificaciones epigenéticas.