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Diamantes muestreados por penachos desde el límite núcleo-manto
Trond H Torsvik1, Kevin Burke, Bernhard Steinberger
1Physics of Geological Processes and Geosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. trond.torsvik@ngu.no
Nature
|July 16, 2010
Resumen
Las erupciones de kimberlita, la principal fuente de diamantes, están vinculadas a estructuras del manto profundo. La futura exploración de diamantes debería centrarse en los antiguos cratones que cubren estas zonas estables y profundas de la tierra.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Geología Geología Geología.
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- La mineralogía es la Mineralogía.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los diamantes se forman en las profundidades del manto terrestre (>150 km) y son traídos a la superficie por kimberlitos.
- Las kimberlitas que entran en erupción a partir de antiguos cratones (la litosfera continental tiene más de 2.500 millones de años de antigüedad, más de 300 km de espesor) son la principal fuente de recursos de diamantes económicamente viables.
- Las kimberlitas ofrecen información sobre la litosfera del manto subcontinental profundo y los procesos en la interfaz del manto.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los controles del manto profundo en la distribución de la erupción de kimberlita.
- Para identificar los factores geológicos que guían la futura exploración de diamantes.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó reconstrucciones de placas para analizar las posiciones históricas continentales.
- Empleó imágenes tomográficas sísmicas para mapear las estructuras profundas del manto.
- Distribución correlacionada de la kimberlita con heterogeneidades del manto profundo.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron heterogeneidades estables del manto profundo (>200 millones de años, posiblemente 540 millones de años) en el límite entre el núcleo y el manto.
- Se demostró que los bordes de estas estructuras del manto profundo se correlacionan con la mayoría de las erupciones de kimberlita del Fanerozoico.
- Se demostró que los antiguos cratones que se superponen a estas zonas de generación de plumas son clave para la aparición de kimberlita.
Conclusiones:
- Las estructuras del manto profundo influyen significativamente en la ubicación de las erupciones de kimberlita.
- La futura exploración de kimberlita y diamantes debería dirigirse a continentes con antiguos cratones situados por encima de estas características del manto profundo.
- Comprender la dinámica de las profundidades de la Tierra es crucial para localizar los recursos de diamantes.
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