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Sustancias del grupo de las anfetaminas y VIH.

Grant Colfax1, Glenn-Milo Santos, Priscilla Chu

  • 1HIV Prevention Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA. grant.colfax@sfdph.org

Lancet (London, England)
|July 24, 2010
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las intervenciones conductuales de alta intensidad reducen moderadamente el uso de sustancias del grupo de las anfetaminas. Sin embargo, la evidencia no es concluyente sobre su superioridad sobre las intervenciones mínimas para reducir el uso de sustancias o comportamientos sexuales de riesgo.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Salud Pública La salud pública.
  • Medicina de la adicción Medicina de la adicción
  • Ciencias del comportamiento Ciencias del comportamiento.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las sustancias del grupo de las anfetaminas son prevalentes a nivel mundial, superando el uso de cocaína y opioides.
  • El uso de anfetaminas no inyectables está relacionado con un mayor riesgo de VIH, especialmente en hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres.
  • Los factores subyacentes que conectan el uso de anfetaminas y el riesgo de VIH siguen siendo poco conocidos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar los informes publicados sobre las sustancias del grupo de las anfetaminas.
  • Realizar un metanálisis de ensayos controlados aleatorios para intervenciones conductuales dirigidas al uso de anfetaminas.
  • Evaluar la efectividad de las intervenciones conductuales en la reducción del uso de anfetaminas y los riesgos asociados.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión sistemática de la literatura publicada.
  • Metaanálisis de 13 ensayos controlados aleatorizados con 1997 participantes.
  • Evaluación de las intervenciones conductuales para el uso de sustancias del grupo de anfetaminas.

Principales resultados:

  • Las intervenciones conductuales de alta intensidad mostraron una eficacia moderada en la reducción del uso de sustancias del grupo de anfetaminas (tamaño del efecto 0,28).
  • No hay evidencia concluyente que demuestre que las intervenciones conductuales, como grupo, sean más efectivas que los tratamientos pasivos o mínimos.
  • Se observa la asociación entre el uso de anfetaminas y el riesgo de VIH, aunque no es universalmente consistente en todos los estudios.

Conclusiones:

  • Si bien las intervenciones de alta intensidad muestran cierta promesa, se necesita más investigación.
  • Se debe priorizar la búsqueda de intervenciones escalables y sostenibles, incluidas las farmacoterapias, para el uso de sustancias del grupo de las anfetaminas.
  • Se requiere más investigación para comprender los complejos factores que impulsan el uso de anfetaminas y el riesgo de VIH.