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Patrones globales y predictores de la biodiversidad marina en todos los taxones

Derek P Tittensor¹, Camilo Mora, Walter Jetz

¹Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax B3H 4J1, Canada. derekt@mathstat.dal.ca

|July 30, 2010

Resumen

La riqueza de especies marinas varía a nivel mundial, con grupos costeros que alcanzan su punto máximo en el Pacífico occidental y grupos oceánicos en latitudes medias. La temperatura de la superficie del mar es un predictor clave, y las áreas de alta diversidad a menudo se superponen con los impactos humanos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología marina ecología marina.
Ciencia de la biodiversidad ciencia de la biodiversidad.
Biología de la conservación Biología de la conservación.

Sus antecedentes:

Los patrones globales de riqueza de especies son cruciales para la ecología, la evolución y la conservación.
La comprensión de la diversidad marina está rezagada con respecto a los estudios terrestres, con contrastes emergentes con los paradigmas terrestres.
Los impactos antropogénicos requieren el análisis de patrones de diversidad a gran escala.

Objetivo del estudio:

Examinar patrones globales y predictores de la riqueza de especies en diversos taxones marinos.
Identificar los factores ambientales e históricos que dan forma a la biodiversidad marina.
Para evaluar la superposición entre las áreas de alta riqueza de especies y los impactos humanos.

Principales métodos:

Se analizaron datos globales de riqueza de especies para 13 grupos principales de especies marinas (desde el zooplancton hasta los mamíferos marinos).
Empleó análisis de regresión espacial para identificar los principales predictores ambientales de la diversidad.
Patrones comparados entre grupos de especies costeras y oceánicas.

Principales resultados:

La riqueza de especies costeras alcanzó su punto máximo en el Pacífico occidental; los grupos oceánicos mostraron bandas de diversidad de latitudes medias.
La temperatura de la superficie del mar fue el predictor más consistente de la diversidad en los 13 taxones.
Las áreas de alta riqueza de especies marinas estaban desproporcionadamente ubicadas en regiones con impactos humanos significativos.

Conclusiones:

La temperatura de la superficie del mar juega un papel fundamental en la estructuración de la biodiversidad marina a través de los taxones.
El calentamiento de los océanos y otros impactos humanos pueden alterar significativamente las distribuciones globales de biodiversidad marina.
La planificación de la conservación debe considerar la interacción de los factores ambientales y las presiones antropogénicas.

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