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El declive global del fitoplancton durante el siglo pasado
Daniel G Boyce1, Marlon R Lewis, Boris Worm
1Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4J1. dboyce@dal.ca
Nature
|July 31, 2010
Resumen
La concentración mundial de fitoplancton ha disminuido alrededor del 1% anual desde 1899, lo que afecta a los ecosistemas marinos. Esta tendencia de un siglo de duración, vinculada al aumento de las temperaturas del mar, contrasta con las fluctuaciones a corto plazo impulsadas por el clima.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología Marina Biología Marina.
- Oceanografía La oceanografía es la oceanografía.
- Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
Sus antecedentes:
- El fitoplancton son fotótrofos marinos cruciales, responsables de aproximadamente la mitad de la producción de materia orgánica de la Tierra.
- Los datos satelitales anteriores (desde 1979) indicaban fluctuaciones decenales, pero carecían de la longitud para mostrar tendencias a largo plazo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Reconstruir y analizar las tendencias de la biomasa de fitoplancton desde 1899 hasta el presente a escala local, regional y global.
- Investigar los impulsores de las fluctuaciones observadas del fitoplancton y los cambios a largo plazo.
Principales métodos:
- Mediciones históricas combinadas de transparencia oceánica con observaciones in situ de clorofila.
- Se analizó la biomasa de fitoplancton dependiente del tiempo utilizando métodos estadísticos.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron disminuciones en la concentración de fitoplancton en ocho de las diez regiones oceánicas estudiadas.
- Se estima una tasa de disminución promedio global de aproximadamente el 1% por año.
- Se identificaron correlaciones entre las fluctuaciones interanuales/decadales y los índices climáticos, y entre las tendencias a largo plazo y el aumento de las temperaturas de la superficie del mar.
Conclusiones:
- La concentración mundial de fitoplancton ha disminuido significativamente en el último siglo.
- El aumento de las temperaturas de la superficie del mar es un factor clave en la disminución a largo plazo observada.
- Este declive de un siglo de duración requiere consideración en la futura investigación de ecosistemas marinos, geoquímica y pesquerías.
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