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El desencadenamiento de la sismicidad de Nuevo Madrid por la erosión del Pleistoceno tardío
E Calais1, A M Freed, R Van Arsdale
1Purdue University, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA. ecalais@purdue.edu
Nature
|July 31, 2010
Resumen
La erosión provocada por el clima en la bahía del Mississippi influyó en los terremotos de la mitad del continente. La descarga de la incisión del río redujo el estrés de la corteza terrestre, descubriendo fallas cercanas a la falla y concentrando grandes terremotos en la zona sísmica de Nuevo Madrid.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- La tectónica es la tectónica.
- Geología del Cuaternario geología cuaternaria.
Sus antecedentes:
- El comportamiento de los terremotos difiere entre los interiores de las placas continentales y los límites de las placas.
- La activación de la falla continental media y la duración de la actividad sísmica son poco conocidas.
- La zona sísmica de Nueva Madrid ha experimentado grandes terremotos concentrados desde la última edad de hielo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la causa de los grandes terremotos concentrados en la zona sísmica de Nuevo Madrid.
- Para vincular la sismicidad continental media a la historia erosional controlada por el clima.
- Comprender los factores que controlan la activación de fallas y la duración de la actividad sísmica.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la historia erosional de la bahía del norte del Mississippi.
- Modelado de la flexión litosférica debido a la descarga de sedimentos.
- Simulación de cambios de tensión en la corteza superior y el comportamiento de las fallas.
Principales resultados:
- La erosión reciente, controlada por el clima, en la bahía del Mississippi está relacionada con la concentración de terremotos.
- La flexión litosférica de la incisión del río (hace 16.000-10.000 años) redujo las tensiones normales de la corteza superior.
- Esta reducción del estrés desenmascaró fallas preexistentes, acercándolas al equilibrio de falla.
Conclusiones:
- La historia de erosión de la bahía del Mississippi es un factor clave en la sismicidad de Nueva Madrid.
- Los segmentos de falla cercanos al equilibrio de falla son susceptibles a la ruptura.
- Los cambios de estrés de la descarga y los terremotos pasados pueden desencadenar futuras rupturas en segmentos cercanos y no rotos.
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