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La filogenia del huésped limita la aparición de especies cruzadas y el establecimiento del virus de la rabia en
Daniel G Streicker1, Amy S Turmelle, Maarten J Vonhof
1Rabies Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. dstrike@uga.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 7, 2010
Resumen
La transmisión del virus de la rabia entre especies de murciélagos disminuye a medida que las especies se relacionan más distantemente. Las barreras de las especies anfitrionas son más importantes que la evolución viral en la configuración de las interacciones virus-anfitrión.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología Virología.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La transmisión entre especies de los virus de ARN está influenciada por la evolución viral y la similitud de las especies huésped.
- Comprender estas dinámicas es crucial para predecir la emergencia viral y las interacciones huésped-virus.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un marco para cuantificar las tasas de transmisión entre especies en virus de ARN.
- Para reconstruir los cambios históricos de huéspedes utilizando datos de secuencia molecular.
- Para investigar el papel de la distancia filogenética en el rango de huéspedes virales.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó un conjunto de datos de cientos de muestras de virus de la rabia de 23 especies de murciélagos de América del Norte.
- Se aplicó un nuevo marco para estimar las tasas per cápita de transmisión entre especies.
- Se reconstruyeron los patrones históricos de establecimiento viral en nuevas especies huésped.
Principales resultados:
- Demostró una disminución en la transmisión entre especies y los cambios de huésped con el aumento de la distancia filogenética entre las especies de murciélagos.
- Se identificaron restricciones evolutivas en el rango de anfitriones virales.
- Se demostró que las barreras de las especies huésped impactan significativamente las interacciones emergentes entre el virus y el huésped.
Conclusiones:
- La relación filogenética es un factor crítico para determinar la frecuencia y el éxito de la transmisión viral entre especies.
- Las barreras de las especies huésped juegan un papel más importante que las tasas de mutación viral en la limitación de la gama de hospedadores virales.
- Este marco proporciona información sobre la dinámica evolutiva de los virus zoonóticos.
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