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La asociación entre el aumento de peso durante el embarazo y el peso al nacer: una comparación dentro de la familia
1Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. david.ludwig@childrens.harvard.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|August 10, 2010
Resumen
El aumento excesivo de peso materno durante el embarazo está relacionado con un mayor peso al nacer, independientemente de la genética. Esto sugiere que el control de peso durante el embarazo puede ayudar a prevenir la obesidad infantil.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Obstetricia y Ginecología.
- La pediatría es la medicina de los niños.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- El aumento excesivo de peso gestacional se asocia con un aumento del peso al nacer de la descendencia y el riesgo de obesidad en la vida posterior.
- Los factores genéticos y ambientales compartidos pueden confundir la asociación observada.
- Un diseño dentro del sujeto utilizando datos de hermanos puede ayudar a mitigar la confusión.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre el aumento de peso materno y el peso al nacer de la descendencia.
- Para determinar si esta asociación es independiente de los factores genéticos.
- Informar las estrategias de prevención de la obesidad dirigidas a las mujeres embarazadas.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte basado en la población utilizando datos del registro de nacimientos de Michigan y Nueva Jersey (1989-2003).
- Incluidas las mujeres con múltiples partos individuales, excluidas las gestaciones prematuras o posterminales, la diabetes materna y los pesos extremos al nacer.
- Utilizó un diseño dentro del sujeto para comparar el peso al nacer de los hijos de la misma madre con un aumento de peso de embarazo variable.
Principales resultados:
- El análisis incluyó más de 1,1 millones de nacimientos de 513.501 mujeres.
- Se encontró una asociación significativa entre el aumento de peso materno y el peso al nacer (β = 7.35, p <0.0001).
- Las mujeres que ganaron >24 kg tuvieron bebés 148.9g más pesados; las probabilidades de peso al nacer >4000g fueron 2.26 veces más altas en comparación con las que ganaron 8-10 kg.
Conclusiones:
- El aumento de peso materno durante el embarazo aumenta de forma independiente el peso al nacer de la descendencia.
- Los hallazgos sugieren que las intervenciones para controlar el aumento de peso gestacional podrían ser cruciales para prevenir la obesidad infantil.
- Las iniciativas de salud pública que se centran en el aumento de peso saludable durante el embarazo están justificadas.
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