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La estabilidad de las comunidades ecológicas y la arquitectura de las redes mutualistas y tróficas
Elisa Thébault1, Colin Fontaine
1Division of Biology, Natural Environment Research Council Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 14, 2010
Resumen
La arquitectura de red ecológica impacta la estabilidad de la comunidad de manera diferente. Las redes mutualistas prosperan con alta conectividad y anidación, mientras que las redes tróficas se benefician de la compartimentación y los enlaces débiles.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
- Teoría de la red Teoría de la red Teoría de la red
- Estabilidad de la Comunidad.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las investigaciones anteriores sobre las redes ecológicas y la estabilidad de la comunidad a menudo examinaban tipos de interacción individuales.
- La comparación de la estabilidad entre diferentes tipos de redes ecológicas (por ejemplo, mutualista frente a trófica) ha sido un desafío debido a los diversos requisitos arquitectónicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar teóricamente y apoyar empíricamente cómo la arquitectura de red influye en la estabilidad de la comunidad de manera diferente en redes mutualistas versus redes tróficas.
- Proporcionar un marco comparativo para la comprensión de la estabilidad de la red ecológica.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó un enfoque teórico para modelar la relación entre la arquitectura de red y la estabilidad de la comunidad.
- Se realizó un metanálisis de las redes de polinización (mutualista) y herbívoras (trófica) del mundo real para probar las predicciones teóricas.
Principales resultados:
- Los modelos teóricos predijeron que las redes mutualistas requieren arquitecturas altamente conectadas y anidadas para la estabilidad.
- Se predice que las redes tróficas serán más estables con arquitecturas compartimentadas y débilmente conectadas.
- Los resultados del metanálisis apoyaron estos requisitos arquitectónicos contrastantes para la estabilidad en redes ecológicas reales.
Conclusiones:
- La arquitectura que promueve la estabilidad de la comunidad difiere fundamentalmente entre las redes ecológicas mutualistas y tróficas.
- Las variaciones en la estabilidad de la interacción impulsan las redes ecológicas hacia patrones arquitectónicos distintos basados en el tipo de interacción.
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