Videos de Experimentos Relacionados
Análisis del estado de transición de la hidrólisis de la timidina por la timidina fosforilasa humana
Phillip A Schwartz1, Mathew J Vetticatt, Vern L Schramm
1Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 1, 2010
Resumen
La timidina humana fosforilasa (hTP) facilita la homeostasis de la timidina y la angiogénesis. Este estudio revela que el hTP es
Área de la Ciencia:
- La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
- Enzimología Enzimología.
- La cinética química es la cinética química.
Sus antecedentes:
- La timidina fosforilasa humana (hTP) regula la homeostasis de la timidina y está implicada en la angiogénesis.
- En ausencia de fosfato, la hTP cataliza la depirimidinación hidrolítica de la timidina en timina y 2-desoxirribosa.
- Comprender el mecanismo catalítico de la hTP es crucial para su papel en los procesos biológicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para caracterizar el estado de transición de la reacción de depirimidinación hidrolítica catalizada por la timidina fosforilasa humana (HTP).
- Para dilucidar el mecanismo de reacción e identificar los principales residuos catalíticos involucrados en la ausencia de fosfato.
- Para comparar el mecanismo hidrolítico con la reacción arsenolítica reportada anteriormente.
Principales métodos:
- Síntesis de timidinas enriquecidas isotópicamente a partir de glucosa o (desoxi) ribosa.
- Medición de múltiples efectos de isótopos cinéticos (KIEs) utilizando varias timidinas etiquetadas.
- Análisis computacional utilizando la teoría funcional de densidad (DFT) para modelar el estado de transición.
Principales resultados:
- Las mediciones del efecto del isótopo cinético revelaron un mecanismo escalonado que implica una formación temprana de un intermediario de 2-deoxirribocatión.
- Se observó una barrera energética significativa para el ataque nucleofílico del agua sobre este intermediario.
- Los cálculos de la teoría funcional de la densidad identificaron a His116 como una base catalítica potencial que activa el nucleófilo del agua.
Conclusiones:
- La reacción hidrolítica se produce a través de un mecanismo escalonado, distinto del mecanismo concertado de la reacción arsenolítica.
- La activación del grupo que abandona la timina ocurre sin la necesidad de fosfato.
- El estudio proporciona un modelo detallado del estado de transición, implicando a His116 en la catálisis y sugiriendo una conformación 3'-endo de la desoxirribosa.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
Hydrolysis of ATP
81.6K
The bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be broken through the addition of water, releasing one or two phosphate groups in an exergonic process called hydrolysis. This reaction liberates the energy in the bonds for use in the cell—for instance, to synthesize proteins from amino acids.
If one phosphate group is removed, a molecule of ADP—adenosine diphosphate—remains, along with inorganic phosphate. ADP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP—adenosine...
If one phosphate group is removed, a molecule of ADP—adenosine diphosphate—remains, along with inorganic phosphate. ADP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP—adenosine...
81.6K
Hydrolysis
122.7K
Overview
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
Hydrolysis Reverses Dehydration Synthesis
Complex carbohydrates can be broken down by breaking the bonds between individual sugar units. The reaction breaks a glycosidic bond as water is added to the compound. The...
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
Hydrolysis Reverses Dehydration Synthesis
Complex carbohydrates can be broken down by breaking the bonds between individual sugar units. The reaction breaks a glycosidic bond as water is added to the compound. The...
122.7K
Phase Transitions
23.3K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
23.3K
Properties of Transition Metals
30.0K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
30.0K
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions
8.8K
Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
8.8K
Noncompartmental Analysis: Mean Transit, Absorption and Dissolution Time
392
When drugs are administered extravascularly, a comprehensive evaluation through noncompartmental analysis becomes imperative. This analytical approach considers various parameters that play a crucial role in understanding the pharmacokinetics of these drugs.
One of the key parameters is the mean transit time (MTT), which refers to the total duration required for drug molecules to transit through the body. MTT is determined by calculating the ratio of the area under the moment curve to the area...
One of the key parameters is the mean transit time (MTT), which refers to the total duration required for drug molecules to transit through the body. MTT is determined by calculating the ratio of the area under the moment curve to the area...
392