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Gravity between Spherical Bodies01:27

Gravity between Spherical Bodies

Newton's law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between any two point masses. However, for extended spherical objects like the Earth, the Moon, and other planets, the law holds with an assumption that masses of spherical objects are concentrated at their respective centers.
This assumption can be proved easily by showing that the expression for gravitational potential energy between a hollow sphere of mass (M) and a point mass (m) is the same as it would be for a pair of extended...
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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

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Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions
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Composiciones altamente silícicas en la Luna.

Timothy D Glotch1, Paul G Lucey, Joshua L Bandfield

  • 1Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. tglotch@notes.cc.sunysb.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 18, 2010
PubMed
Resumen

Las "manchas rojas" lunares revelan rocas únicas ricas en sílice, distintas de la geología lunar típica. Estos hallazgos sugieren actividad volcánica pasada y procesos magmáticos evolucionados en la Luna.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Geología lunar geología lunar.
  • Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
  • La espectroscopia es una técnica de espectroscopia.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La composición de la superficie de la Luna se entiende principalmente a través de los basaltos de marea y las tierras altas anorthositic.
  • Anteriores observaciones de teledetección identificaron características espectrales inusuales en regiones lunares localizadas, llamadas "manchas rojas".

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para analizar las características espectrales de las "manchas rojas" lunares utilizando datos de infrarrojo medio.
  • Determinar la composición mineralógica de estas regiones y sus implicaciones geológicas.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos del experimento del radiómetro lunar Diviner.
  • Se analizaron los espectros infrarrojos medios de cuatro "manchas rojas" lunares distintas.
  • Comparó las firmas espectrales con las composiciones minerales conocidas y los materiales de la superficie lunar.

Principales resultados:

  • Las "manchas rojas" exhiben firmas espectrales consistentes con cuarzo, vidrio rico en sílice y feldespato alcalino.
  • Estas litologías indican la presencia de rocas evolucionadas ricas en sílice, similares a los granitos lunares.
  • Los datos espectrales diferencian claramente estas regiones de las composiciones de mares circundantes, tierras altas y composiciones de feldespato de plagioclasa pura.

Conclusiones:

  • La evidencia espectral y geológica apunta tanto al magmatismo silícico extrusivo como al intrusivo en la Luna.
  • La capa subterránea basáltica es un mecanismo probable para generar los magmas ricos en sílice.
  • Estos hallazgos amplían nuestra comprensión de la evolución magmática lunar más allá del vulcanismo basáltico.