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Los aerosoles de la selva tropical como núcleos biogénicos de nubes y precipitaciones en el Amazonas
U Pöschl1, S T Martin, B Sinha
1Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany. u.poschl@mpic.de
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 18, 2010
Resumen
Las nubes amazónicas se forman a partir de aerosoles naturales, no de la contaminación. Las partículas finas de los gases vegetales oxidados crean núcleos de condensación de nubes, mientras que las partículas más grandes de la biota forman núcleos de hielo, manteniendo la lluvia vital para el ecosistema amazónico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Química de la atmósfera química de la atmósfera
- Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El Amazonas es una rara región continental donde el clima no está influenciado principalmente por aerosoles hechos por el hombre.
- Durante la temporada de lluvias, las condiciones atmosféricas amazónicas se asemejan a la era preindustrial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la composición y el origen de las partículas de aerosol atmosférico en la Amazonía.
- Comprender el papel de estas partículas en la formación de nubes y el ciclo hidrológico.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las partículas finas de aerosol (submicrómetro) y supermicrómetro.
- Investigación de la composición química y el origen biológico de las partículas.
- Evaluación de las interacciones aerosol-nube en un entorno natural.
Principales resultados:
- Las partículas finas, cruciales para los núcleos de condensación de nubes, son principalmente material orgánico secundario de gases biogénicos oxidados.
- Las partículas supermicrométricas, importantes como los núcleos de hielo, son principalmente material biológico primario de la biota de la selva tropical.
- El Amazonas funciona como un reactor biogeoquímico, con la biosfera y la fotoquímica produciendo núcleos de nubes.
Conclusiones:
- Las interacciones aerosol-nube de la Amazonía difieren significativamente de las regiones contaminadas.
- Los aerosoles naturales juegan un papel crítico en el mantenimiento del ciclo hidrológico de la Amazonía.
- Los hallazgos ponen de relieve los procesos atmosféricos únicos en las selvas tropicales vírgenes.
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