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Por qué las pruebas mejoran la memoria: hipótesis de eficacia del mediador.

Mary A Pyc¹, Katherine A Rawson

¹Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA. mpyc@kent.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 16, 2010

Resumen

Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las pruebas de práctica mejoran la memoria mediante la creación de mejores vínculos entre la información, de acuerdo con la hipótesis de eficacia del mediador. Este hallazgo apoya el uso de pruebas con otros estudios para mejorar el aprendizaje y la recuperación de la memoria.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Psicología Cognitiva Psicología cognitiva.
Psicología educativa Psicología educativa.
Investigación de la memoria Investigación de la memoria.

Sus antecedentes:

Las pruebas de práctica son un método conocido para mejorar la retención de la memoria.
Los mecanismos cognitivos subyacentes de los efectos de las pruebas aún no se comprenden por completo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los mecanismos detrás de los efectos de las pruebas en la memoria.
Proponer y evaluar la hipótesis de efectividad del mediador.

Principales métodos:

El aprendizaje de la traducción de lenguas extranjeras se utilizó como modelo.
Los participantes que participan en la práctica de ensayo-estudio de nuevo o en la práctica de sólo estudio de nuevo.
La efectividad del mediador se evaluó mediante la recuperación y la elicitación del objetivo.

Principales resultados:

La práctica de prueba-estudio de nuevo generó mediadores más efectivos que el estudio de nuevo solo.
Los mediadores formados durante la repetición de la prueba fueron más recuperables en el momento de la prueba.
Estos mediadores también tuvieron más éxito en obtener la respuesta objetivo correcta.

Conclusiones:

La hipótesis de la efectividad del mediador proporciona un marco para comprender los efectos de las pruebas.
La práctica que involucra pruebas y reestudio mejora la memoria al mejorar la calidad del mediador.
Esto tiene implicaciones para el diseño de estrategias de aprendizaje efectivas.