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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

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Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
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Published on: January 1, 2018

La reprogramación epigenética en el desarrollo vegetal y animal.

Suhua Feng1, Steven E Jacobsen, Wolf Reik

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 30, 2010
PubMed
Resumen

La reprogramación epigenética restablece el genoma en las células germinales y los primeros embriones, lo que implica la desmetilación del ADN y la remodelación de las histonas. Este proceso es crucial para el desarrollo, la herencia y la totipotencia entre especies.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La genómica es la genómica.
  • Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
  • La epigenética es la epigenética.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las modificaciones epigenéticas, como la metilación del ADN y las marcas de histona, son generalmente estables en las células somáticas.
  • Sin embargo, la reprogramación epigenética significativa ocurre en las células germinales y los primeros embriones.
  • Esta reprogramación implica la eliminación de las marcas epigenéticas en todo el genoma.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para dilucidar los mecanismos de la reprogramación epigenética de todo el genoma.
  • Comprender las funciones de la reprogramación epigenética en el desarrollo y la herencia.
  • Para comparar las estrategias de reprogramación en diferentes organismos.

Principales métodos:

  • Investigar las vías de desmetilación del ADN, incluidas las modificaciones de la 5-metilcitosina.
  • Estudiar los mecanismos de reparación del ADN involucrados en el borrado epigenético.
  • Analizar las funciones de los ARN pequeños y la herencia de las marcas histónicas.

Principales resultados:

  • Se están descubriendo mecanismos para la eliminación de la metilación del ADN en todo el genoma.
  • La reprogramación epigenética es esencial para procesos como la impresión y la adquisición de totipotencia.
  • Los pequeños ARN y las marcas histónicas pueden desempeñar un papel en la herencia epigenética y la reprogramación.

Conclusiones:

  • La reprogramación epigenética es un proceso fundamental en la reproducción y el desarrollo.
  • Las similitudes y diferencias en la reprogramación entre plantas y mamíferos resaltan diversas estrategias.
  • Comprender la reprogramación es clave para campos que van desde la biología del desarrollo hasta la herencia transgeneracional.