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La suplementación con ácido docosahexaenoico y el deterioro cognitivo en la enfermedad de Alzheimer: un ensayo
Joseph F Quinn1, Rema Raman, Ronald G Thomas
1Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. quinnj@ohsu.edu
JAMA
|November 4, 2010
Resumen
La suplementación con ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) no ralentizó el deterioro cognitivo o funcional en individuos con enfermedad de Alzheimer de leve a moderada. Este ensayo de 18 meses no encontró efectos beneficiosos en las puntuaciones cognitivas o las tasas de atrofia cerebral.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Ciencias de la Nutrición Ciencias de la Nutrición
- Gerontología Gerontología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) es un ácido graso omega-3 clave abundante en el cerebro.
- Los estudios epidemiológicos y en animales sugieren que el DHA puede reducir el riesgo y la patología de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
- El papel de la suplementación de DHA en el manejo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer existente sigue siendo objeto de investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la eficacia de la suplementación de DHA en la ralentización del deterioro cognitivo y funcional en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer.
- Para evaluar el impacto del DHA en la tasa de atrofia cerebral en individuos con enfermedad de Alzheimer de leve a moderada.
Principales métodos:
- Un ensayo aleatorizado, doble ciego, controlado con placebo que involucró a 402 participantes con enfermedad de Alzheimer de leve a moderada.
- Los participantes recibieron 2 g/d de DHA de algas o un placebo durante 18 meses.
- La función cognitiva (ADAS-cog), el estado funcional (suma de cajas CDR) y la atrofia cerebral (IRM) fueron las medidas de resultado primarias.
Principales resultados:
- La suplementación con DHA no mostró ningún beneficio significativo en la desaceleración de la tasa de deterioro cognitivo (puntuaciones de ADAS-cog).
- El deterioro funcional, medido por la suma de cajas CDR, tampoco se vio afectado significativamente por el tratamiento con DHA.
- La resonancia magnética volumétrica no reveló ninguna diferencia en la tasa de atrofia cerebral entre los grupos de DHA y placebo.
Conclusiones:
- La suplementación oral con DHA no parece retardar el deterioro cognitivo o funcional en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer de leve a moderada.
- Los hallazgos no apoyan el uso de DHA como agente terapéutico para la enfermedad de Alzheimer en esta población.
- La investigación adicional puede explorar diferentes dosis, duraciones o poblaciones de pacientes para las intervenciones de DHA en enfermedades neurodegenerativas.
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