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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
Toroids01:27

Toroids

A toroid is a closely wound donut-shaped coil constructed using a single conducting wire. In general, it is assumed that a toriod consists of multiple circular loops perpendicular to its axis.
When connected to a supply, the magnetic field generated in the toroid has field lines circular and concentric to its axis. Conventionally, the direction of this magnetic field is expressed using the right-hand rule. If the fingers of the right hand curl in the current direction, the thumb points in the...
Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...

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Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
13:44

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers

Published on: December 27, 2012

Respuesta dipolar toroidal en un metamaterial

T Kaelberer1, V A Fedotov, N Papasimakis

  • 1Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 6, 2010
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores observaron multipoles toroidales, una excitación electromagnética fundamental, en un metamaterial. Esto proporciona la primera evidencia experimental directa de dipolos toroidales en la electrodinámica clásica.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • El electromagnetismo es el electromagnetismo.
  • Metamateriales Ciencia Ciencia de los meta materiales.
  • Física de las partículas Física de las partículas

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las multipolas toroidales son excitaciones electromagnéticas fundamentales distintas de las multipolas de carga y magnéticas.
  • Si bien está implicado en la violación de la paridad, la evidencia experimental directa en la electrodinámica clásica ha estado ausente.
  • La simetría toroidal es frecuente en los sistemas naturales, particularmente a nivel de las macromoléculas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Proporcionar evidencia experimental directa de la existencia de multipoles toroidales en la electrodinámica clásica.
  • Para demostrar una respuesta electromagnética resonante atribuible únicamente a los dipolos toroidales.
  • Para resaltar la importancia potencial de los multipoles toroidales en sistemas tanto artificiales como naturales.

Principales métodos:

  • Fabricación y caracterización de un metamaterial de ingeniería.
  • Medición de la respuesta electromagnética de resonancia del metamaterial.
  • Análisis de la respuesta para distinguirla de las contribuciones multipolares de carga y magnética.

Principales resultados:

  • Observación de una respuesta electromagnética de resonancia distinta en el metamaterial.
  • La respuesta observada no podía explicarse con cargas convencionales o multipoles magnéticos.
  • La respuesta fue atribuible únicamente a la presencia de una excitación del dipolo toroidal.

Conclusiones:

  • El experimento proporciona la primera evidencia directa de excitaciones de dipolo toroidal en la electrodinámica clásica.
  • Los metamateriales pueden ser diseñados para exhibir respuestas toroidales, abriendo nuevas vías para aplicaciones electromagnéticas.
  • Los multipoles toroidales pueden desempeñar un papel más significativo en los sistemas naturales de lo que se reconocía anteriormente, especialmente en las macromoléculas.