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Universalidad en la evolución de las columnas de orientación en la corteza visual
Matthias Kaschube1, Michael Schnabel, Siegrid Löwel
1Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Faculty of Physics, Göttingen University, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany. kaschube@princeton.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 6, 2010
Resumen
Los investigadores encontraron un principio organizador común en la corteza visual de tres especies de mamíferos separadas por más de 65 millones de años. Esto sugiere que la autoorganización ha guiado la evolución de los circuitos neuronales para los mapas de preferencia de orientación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Biología computacional Biología computacional.
Sus antecedentes:
- La corteza visual del cerebro organiza la información sensorial en mapas funcionales.
- Los circuitos neuronales en la corteza visual reflejan el diseño de estos mapas funcionales.
- Comprender los principios evolutivos detrás de la organización de la corteza visual es crucial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los principios organizativos comunes de los mapas de preferencias de orientación en la corteza visual.
- Para comparar estos principios entre especies con divergencias evolutivas profundas.
- Para probar las predicciones de los modelos de auto-organización para el desarrollo cortical.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de mapas funcionales de la preferencia de orientación en hurones, musarañas y galagos.
- Comparación de diseños de mapas entre estas tres especies.
- Modelado matemático de la autoorganización de la red cortical con interacciones supresivas de largo alcance.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificó un principio organizador común en los mapas de preferencia de orientación de las especies estudiadas.
- Los modelos de autoorganización basados en la simetría predicen con precisión los diseños de circuitos neuronales observados.
- La supresión de las interacciones de largo alcance es fundamental para este proceso de desarrollo.
Conclusiones:
- La autoorganización, impulsada por interacciones de largo alcance supresivas, parece ser un principio fundamental en el desarrollo de la corteza visual.
- La evolución probablemente ha conservado esta estrategia organizativa para los mapas de preferencias de orientación.
- Esto sugiere un único camino evolutivo común para este aspecto de los circuitos visuales.
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