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Los flujos contráctiles de actomyosina polarizada plana controlan la remodelación de la unión epitelial
Matteo Rauzi1, Pierre-François Lenne, Thomas Lecuit
1IBDML, UMR6216 CNRS-Université de la Méditerranée, Campus de Luminy, case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
Nature
|November 12, 2010
Resumen
La remodelación de las células epiteliales se basa en la miosina II (una red de actomyosina) que fluye hacia las uniones, no solo la miosina estática. Este flujo está guiado por la distribución de E-cadherina, lo que impulsa el alargamiento del tejido en los embriones de Drosophila.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología celular Biología celular.
- Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
- La biofísica es la biofísica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los motores de miosina-II generan fuerzas cruciales para la morfogénesis celular y tisular.
- Las uniones epiteliales, reforzadas por E-cadherin, resisten las fuerzas contráctiles y transmiten la tensión.
- La extensión de la banda germinal embrionaria de Drosophila implica la intercalación celular y la remodelación polarizada plana de las uniones epiteliales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la interacción entre la generación de fuerza y la transmisión de fuerza cortical en la deformación de las células epiteliales.
- Aclarar el mecanismo que impulsa la contracción de las uniones orientadas dorsal-ventral durante la extensión de la banda germinal de Drosophila.
- Determinar el papel de la distribución de la miosina II y el flujo de actomyosina en la morfogénesis epitelial.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó Drosophila melanogaster como organismo modelo.
- Investigó la remodelación de las uniones y las deformaciones celulares durante la extensión de la banda germinal embrionaria.
- Analizó el papel de la miosina II, la E-caderina y la α-catenina en la transmisión de la fuerza y la dinámica de la actomyosina.
Principales resultados:
- El encogimiento de las uniones es impulsado por el flujo polarizado de los pulsos de actomyosina mediales hacia las uniones dorsal-ventral, no por la miosina II de las uniones.
- El flujo anisotrópico de actomyosina está orientado por la distribución polarizada plana de los complejos de E-cadherina.
- La miosina II medial fluye hacia las uniones con menos E-cadherina, lo que sugiere una propiedad de equilibrio de transmisión de fuerza y acoplamiento de E-cadherina a través de α-Catenina.
Conclusiones:
- La morfogénesis epitelial está regulada por flujos polarizados de actomyosina contráctil, no únicamente por la distribución de miosina II en estado de equilibrio.
- La interacción entre las redes de E-caderina y actomyosina dicta el patrón de flujo medial.
- Este estudio revela un nuevo mecanismo para la transmisión de la fuerza y la remodelación del tejido en el epitelio.
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