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Amazonia a través del tiempo: elevación andina, cambio climático, evolución del paisaje y biodiversidad
C Hoorn1, F P Wesselingh, H ter Steege
1Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. carina.hoorn@milne.cc
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 13, 2010
Resumen
El levantamiento andino remodeló dramáticamente el paisaje amazónico, impulsando la evolución de su rica biodiversidad. Este evento geológico creó diversos hábitats, lo que condujo a la región.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Geología Geología Geología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La selva amazónica es excepcionalmente rica en especies, pero los orígenes de esta diversidad siguen siendo objeto de debate.
- Comprender la historia evolutiva requiere integrar evidencia geológica y biológica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el momento y las causas de la biodiversidad amazónica.
- Para correlacionar los eventos geológicos, específicamente el levantamiento andino, con la evolución del ecosistema.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de los datos geológicos de los registros de elevación de la Amazonia y los Andes.
- Análisis de la evidencia filogenética para comprender las líneas de tiempo evolutivas.
- Comparación de los cambios del paisaje con los patrones de biodiversidad.
Principales resultados:
- El levantamiento andino alteró significativamente los patrones de drenaje amazónico y la afluencia de sedimentos.
- Un mosaico edafico diverso se formó en el sustrato andino, fomentando una alta riqueza de especies, especialmente en la Amazonia occidental.
- Los patrones de biodiversidad están profundamente arraigados en la historia geológica precuaternaria.
Conclusiones:
- El levantamiento andino fue un factor crítico en la configuración de los paisajes y ecosistemas amazónicos.
- Los fundamentos geológicos de la biodiversidad amazónica son antiguos, anteriores al período Cuaternario.
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