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Carga mundial de enfermedades por exposición al humo de segunda mano: un análisis retrospectivo de datos de 192
Mattias Oberg1, Maritta S Jaakkola, Alistair Woodward
1Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 30, 2010
Resumen
La exposición al humo de segunda mano afectó al 40% de los niños y al 35% de los adultos en todo el mundo en 2004, causando más de 600.000 muertes. Reducir el tabaquismo pasivo ofrece importantes beneficios para la salud mundial.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud Ambiental Salud del medio ambiente.
Sus antecedentes:
- La exposición al humo de segunda mano es un problema global generalizado con un impacto mundial mal definido.
- Estimar la carga global de enfermedades por el tabaquismo pasivo en no fumadores es crucial para la política de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para estimar la prevalencia mundial de la exposición al humo de segunda mano.
- Cuantificar la carga mundial de enfermedades, medida en muertes y años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (DALY), atribuibles al humo de segunda mano en niños y adultos no fumadores en 2004.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron métodos comparativos de evaluación de riesgos utilizando datos de 192 países en 2004.
- Los cálculos incorporaron estimaciones de riesgo relativo específicas de la enfermedad y datos de prevalencia de exposición específicos de la zona.
- Se estimó la carga de la enfermedad en términos de muertes y DALY para niños y adultos no fumadores.
Principales resultados:
- En 2004, el 40% de los niños y el 33-35% de los adultos no fumadores estuvieron expuestos al humo de segunda mano.
- La exposición al humo de segunda mano causó un estimado de 603.000 muertes (1,0% de la mortalidad global) y 10,9 millones de DALY (0,7% de la carga global).
- Las principales causas de muerte incluyeron la enfermedad cardíaca isquémica, las infecciones de las vías respiratorias inferiores, el asma y el cáncer de pulmón, con las mujeres y los niños que soportan una carga significativa.
Conclusiones:
- Se pueden lograr mejoras sustanciales en la salud mundial a través de la expansión de intervenciones efectivas de salud pública e intervenciones clínicas destinadas a reducir el tabaquismo pasivo.
- Abordar la exposición al humo de segunda mano es un componente crítico de las estrategias globales de mejora de la salud.
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