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Acreción tardía estocástica a la Tierra, la Luna y Marte
William F Bottke1, Richard J Walker, James M D Day
1Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 400, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. bottke@boulder.swri.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 15, 2010
Resumen
La acreción tardía de planetesimales explica la abundancia de elementos altamente siderófilos (HSEs) en los cuerpos terrestres. Los proyectiles masivos en las poblaciones sobrantes entregaron estos elementos a la Tierra, Marte y la Luna.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
- La astronomía es la astronomía.
Sus antecedentes:
- Se espera que la formación de núcleos elimine los elementos altamente siderófilos (HSEs) de los mantos planetarios.
- Los planetas terrestres (Tierra, Luna, Marte) exhiben abundancias de HSE inesperadamente altas a pesar de la formación del núcleo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la hipótesis de la acreción tardía como una explicación de las EHS elevadas en los mantos de los planetas terrestres.
- Determinar las características de las poblaciones planetesimales requeridas para entregar HSE a la Tierra, Marte y la Luna.
Principales métodos:
- Modelado de las poblaciones planetesimales sobrantes dominadas por proyectiles masivos.
- Comparación de las distribuciones inferidas del tamaño del impactador con las del cinturón interior de asteroides, las cuencas de impacto marcianas y los modelos de acreción planetaria.
Principales resultados:
- La acreción tardía de planetesimales ampliamente condríticos puede explicar las abundancias observadas de HSE.
- Masa acumulada requerida: ≥0.5% de las masas de la Tierra para la Tierra, ~10 veces menos para Marte, ~1200 veces menos para la Luna.
- Los impactos más grandes (25003000 km) pueden haber alterado la oblicuidad de la Tierra; los más pequeños (250300 km) pueden haber entregado agua a la Luna.
Conclusiones:
- La acreción tardía de planetesimales masivos proporciona una solución unificada para los agotamientos de HSE en los cuerpos terrestres.
- La distribución inferida del tamaño del impactador se alinea con modelos geológicos y de acreción independientes.
- Los impactos en etapa tardía tuvieron consecuencias significativas para la evolución planetaria, incluidos los cambios de oblicuidad y el suministro de agua.
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