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Mantener un alto nivel de actividad física durante 20 años y aumento de peso
Arlene L Hankinson1, Martha L Daviglus, Claude Bouchard
1Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Dr, Ste 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. alhankinson@northwestern.edu
JAMA
|December 16, 2010
Resumen
El mantenimiento de una alta actividad física en la edad adulta joven está relacionado con un menor aumento de peso y un menor aumento de la circunferencia de la cintura durante 20 años, especialmente para las mujeres. Esto apoya las directrices de actividad para el control de peso a largo plazo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- La medicina preventiva es la medicina preventiva de las enfermedades.
- Fisiología Humana Fisiología Humana.
Sus antecedentes:
- Existen datos limitados sobre el papel de la actividad física en la prevención del aumento de peso a largo plazo durante los períodos de mayor riesgo.
- Comprender el impacto de la actividad sobre el peso es crucial para desarrollar estrategias efectivas de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación de 20 años entre los niveles de actividad física habitual y los cambios en el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la circunferencia de la cintura.
- Proporcionar evidencia para las pautas de actividad física destinadas a prevenir la obesidad.
Principales métodos:
- El desarrollo del riesgo de la arteria coronaria en adultos jóvenes (CARDIA) estudio, un estudio de cohorte longitudinal de 20 años (1985-2006).
- Los participantes (n=3554) con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 30 años al inicio del estudio se clasificaron en grupos de actividad habitual baja, moderada y alta.
- Se calcularon y analizaron los cambios anuales en el IMC y la circunferencia de la cintura.
Principales resultados:
- La alta actividad física se asoció con aumentos significativamente menores en el IMC y la circunferencia de la cintura durante 20 años en comparación con la baja actividad.
- Los hombres que mantuvieron una alta actividad ganaron 2.6 kg menos y las mujeres ganaron 6.1 kg menos de IMC en comparación con los grupos de baja actividad.
- La alta actividad también se relacionó con ganancias reducidas en la circunferencia de la cintura tanto en hombres como en mujeres.
Conclusiones:
- Los altos niveles sostenidos de actividad física durante la juventud adulta pueden mitigar el aumento de peso en la mediana edad.
- Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de promover la actividad física constante para el control de peso a largo plazo, especialmente en las mujeres.
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