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Reprogramación ambiental transgeneracional inducida paternalmente de la expresión génica metabólica en los mamíferos

Benjamin R Carone¹, Lucas Fauquier, Naomi Habib

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.

|December 25, 2010

Resumen

La dieta paterna influye en el metabolismo lipídico de la descendencia a través de cambios epigenéticos heredados. Este estudio en ratones muestra cómo la dieta de un padre puede alterar la expresión génica y el epigenoma de su descendencia, afectando el colesterol y la biosíntesis de lípidos.

Área de la Ciencia:

La epigenética es la epigenética.
La genómica es la genómica.
Investigación Metabólica de Investigación.

Sus antecedentes:

La información epigenética puede ser heredada a través de generaciones en los mamíferos.
La línea germinal es una vía potencial para transmitir información ambiental a través de generaciones.
Las exposiciones ambientales paternas pueden influir en los fenotipos de la descendencia a través de mecanismos epigenéticos hereditarios.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar si la información ambiental, específicamente la dieta paterna, puede heredarse transgeneracionalmente en los mamíferos.
Identificar genes y modificaciones epigenéticas en la descendencia que responden a las intervenciones dietéticas paternas.
Establecer un modelo de mamíferos para el estudio de la reprogramación ambiental del epigenoma hereditario.

Principales métodos:

Pantalla de perfiles de expresión en ratones para identificar genes que responden a la dieta paterna.
Análisis de la expresión génica hepática en la descendencia de machos alimentados con una dieta baja en proteínas frente a una dieta de control.
El perfil epigenómico (análisis de metilación de citosina) de los hígados de la descendencia.

Principales resultados:

Los descendientes de machos con una dieta baja en proteínas mostraron una mayor expresión hepática de genes involucrados en la biosíntesis de lípidos y colesterol.
Se observaron niveles reducidos de ésteres de colesterol en la descendencia de padres con una dieta baja en proteínas.
Se identificaron cambios modestos y reproducibles en la metilación de la citosina en los hígados de la descendencia, incluso en un potenciador potencial para el gen Ppara.

Conclusiones:

La dieta de los padres puede afectar el metabolismo de los lípidos y el colesterol en la descendencia de mamíferos.
Las modificaciones epigenéticas en la línea germinal pueden mediar los efectos transgeneracionales de la dieta paterna.
Este estudio proporciona un sistema modelo para comprender cómo los factores ambientales pueden reprogramar el epigenoma hereditario.

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