Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jun 5, 2026
10:52
Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets
Published on: August 13, 2016
La presión hidrostática y la corteza de actomyosina impulsan el redondeo de las células mitóticas
Martin P Stewart1, Jonne Helenius, Yusuke Toyoda
1ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
Nature
|January 4, 2011
Resumen
Durante la mitosis, las células generan una fuerza de redondeo hacia afuera impulsada por la presión osmótica. El citoesqueleto de actomyosina mantiene esta fuerza contra los impedimentos externos, lo que permite a las células controlar la forma y el volumen.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología celular Biología celular.
- La biofísica es la biofísica.
- Dinámica del citoesqueleto y su dinámica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las células animales adherentes se aplanan durante la interfase y se redondean durante la mitosis.
- El redondeo celular mitótico es esencial para la división celular, pero las fuerzas motrices no están claras, especialmente dentro de los tejidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar las fuerzas que impulsan el redondeo de las células mitóticas.
- Comprender las funciones de la presión osmótica y el citoesqueleto de la actomyosina en este proceso.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó voladizos para medir la fuerza y el volumen de redondeo de la célula.
- Cambios observados en el volumen celular y la fuerza al interrumpir o estimular la corteza de actomyosina.
Principales resultados:
- Las células exhiben una fuerza de redondeo hacia el exterior que aumenta durante la mitosis.
- Esta fuerza es generada por la presión osmótica y mantenida por el citoesqueleto de la actomyosina.
- La disrupción de la corteza de la actomyosina aumenta el volumen celular; la contracción lo disminuye.
Conclusiones:
- El redondeo de las células mitóticas es impulsado por la presión osmótica equilibrada por la contracción de la corteza de la actomyosina.
- Las células regulan el volumen, la forma y las propiedades mecánicas modulando la tensión superficial y la presión osmótica.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:16Cell Motility through Blebbing
Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
02:15The Contractile Ring
Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
02:15The Contractile Ring
Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
02:11Forces Acting on Chromosomes
During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis.
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
01:18Role of Myosin in Cell Migration
Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction. It is...
Myosin II is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction. It is...
02:13Determining the Plane of Cell Division
Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function.
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...