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El desafío continuo de las enfermedades infecciosas en la India
T Jacob John1, Lalit Dandona, Vinod P Sharma
1Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Lancet (London, England)
|January 14, 2011
Resumen
La India se enfrenta a una carga masiva de enfermedades infecciosas, con los programas verticales actuales que resultan insuficientes. Se necesita urgentemente un nuevo enfoque integrado de salud pública para un control eficaz de las enfermedades y una mejor calidad de la atención médica en todo el país.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología de las enfermedades infecciosas.
- Análisis de la política de salud Análisis de la política de salud
Sus antecedentes:
- La India se enfrenta a una amplia gama de enfermedades infecciosas, con responsabilidades administrativas significativas compartidas entre los gobiernos central y estatal.
- El Ministerio de Salud central supervisa el control de enfermedades, pero carece de un departamento de salud pública dedicado, confiando en programas verticales y de una sola enfermedad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la efectividad de las actuales estrategias de control de enfermedades infecciosas de la India.
- Identificar las brechas en los sistemas de vigilancia y respuesta.
- Proponer una política de salud revisada para el manejo integral de enfermedades.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los programas de control de enfermedades infecciosas existentes en la India.
- Revisión de la estructura del sistema de salud y las responsabilidades administrativas.
- Evaluación de la vigilancia de la enfermedad y los mecanismos de respuesta al brote.
Principales resultados:
- Los programas verticales muestran un éxito mixto; el control del VIH y la lepra están en camino, pero el control de la tuberculosis, la malaria y la leishmaniasis visceral enfrentan desafíos.
- La contención inadecuada de los vectores conduce a brotes recurrentes de dengue, chikungunya y tifus.
- Falta un control sistemático de los patógenos y zoonosis transmitidos por las heces.
- Existen brechas significativas en los sistemas de vigilancia y respuesta a las enfermedades infecciosas.
Conclusiones:
- El modelo actual de control vertical de una sola enfermedad es ineficiente e insostenible para la India.
- Una revisión integral y rediseño del sistema de salud son esenciales para una atención médica equitativa y de calidad.
- Se recomienda la creación de una infraestructura de salud pública compartida y funcional con liderazgo profesional y personal capacitado para el manejo integrado de enfermedades.
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