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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...

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Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Published on: June 28, 2018

El entrelazamiento en un conjunto de espín de estado sólido.

Stephanie Simmons1, Richard M Brown, Helge Riemann

  • 1Department of Materials, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.

Nature
|January 21, 2011
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores lograron el entrelazamiento cuántico bajo demanda entre electrones y espines nucleares en silicio. Este avance es crucial para el avance del procesamiento de información cuántica y las tecnologías de criptografía.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de la información cuántica Ciencias de la información cuántica.
  • Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada
  • La computación cuántica es la computación cuántica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El entrelazamiento es fundamental para las tecnologías cuánticas como la computación cuántica y la criptografía.
  • Experimentos previos de conjuntos de espín, aunque útiles para el control cuántico, no demostraron el entrelazamiento.
  • Diseñado isotópicamente, el silicio dopado con fósforo ofrece una plataforma prometedora para aplicaciones cuánticas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para lograr el entrelazamiento cuántico bajo demanda entre electrones y espines nucleares en un sistema de silicio.
  • Para verificar el estado entrelazado generado con alta fidelidad.
  • Para demostrar la viabilidad del entrelazamiento para el procesamiento de información cuántica escalable basado en silicio.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó resonancia de espín de electrones de alto campo (3,4 Tesla), baja temperatura (2,9 Kelvin).
  • Empleado hiperpolarización de los espines nucleares de fósforo-31 para preparar un estado inicial puro.
  • Tomografía de matriz de densidad aplicada con puertas de fase geométricas para la verificación del estado.

Principales resultados:

  • Generó con éxito el entrelazamiento entre un conjunto de electrones y espines nucleares bajo demanda.
  • Logró una alta fidelidad del 98% para el estado enredado.
  • Se ha demostrado la operación de entrelazamiento de alta fidelidad en 10^10 pares de espín simultáneamente.

Conclusiones:

  • Este trabajo presenta la primera generación de entrelazamiento bajo demanda en un conjunto de espín de silicio.
  • La alta fidelidad y escalabilidad cumplen con los requisitos clave para los procesadores de información cuántica basados en silicio.
  • Los hallazgos allanan el camino para las tecnologías cuánticas prácticas que utilizan silicio.