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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Transcription01:10

Transcription

155.9K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
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Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

12.6K
Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
10.9K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells
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La secuenciación de transcripción naciente visualiza la transcripción en la resolución de nucleótidos.

L Stirling Churchman1, Jonathan S Weissman

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA.

Nature
|January 21, 2011
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La secuenciación de transcripción alargada nativa (NET-seq) monitorea la actividad de la ARN polimerasa en la resolución de los nucleótidos. Este método revela cómo el complejo Rpd3S controla la direccionalidad de la transcripción y cómo los nucleosomas impiden la elongación causando la pausa de la polimerasa.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Genética La genética.
  • La biofísica es la biofísica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La regulación de la transcripción implica complejos controles posteriores a la iniciación y una rápida degradación de la transcripción.
  • La comprensión de la producción de transcripción requiere métodos para rastrear las moléculas de ARN nacientes.
  • Los métodos anteriores carecían de seguimiento de resolución de nucleótidos de la transcripción activa.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar y aplicar un nuevo método para el monitoreo de transcripciones nacientes en resolución de nucleótidos.
  • Investigar el papel del complejo Rpd3S en el control de la direccionalidad del promotor.
  • Para identificar y caracterizar la pausa y el retroceso de la polimerasa durante el alargamiento de la transcripción.

Principales métodos:

  • Se desarrolló la secuenciación de transcripción de alargamiento nativo (NET-seq), utilizando la secuenciación profunda de los extremos 3' de las transcripciones nacientes asociadas con la ARN polimerasa.
  • NET-seq se aplicó a Saccharomyces cerevisiae para analizar la dinámica de la transcripción.
  • El análisis computacional se utilizó para identificar la direccionalidad del promotor, la pausa y los sitios de retroceso.

Principales resultados:

  • NET-seq proporciona un monitoreo de resolución de nucleótidos de la transcripción.
  • El complejo de desacetilación Rpd3S hace cumplir la direccionalidad del promotor al suprimir la transcripción antisense.
  • La pausa y el retroceso generalizados de la polimerasa ocurren a lo largo de las transcripciones, con picos en los nucleosomas.
  • La pausa inducida por los nucleosomas actúa como una barrera significativa para el alargamiento de la transcripción in vivo.

Conclusiones:

  • NET-seq es una poderosa herramienta para estudiar la dinámica de la transcripción.
  • El complejo Rpd3S juega un papel crítico en el establecimiento de la transcripción unidireccional.
  • Los nucleosomas impiden significativamente el alargamiento de la transcripción a través de la pausa, destacando un mecanismo regulador clave.