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Migración de animales y riesgo de enfermedades infecciosas
Sonia Altizer1, Rebecca Bartel, Barbara A Han
1Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. saltizer@uga.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 22, 2011
Resumen
Las migraciones de los animales tienen un impacto en la propagación de enfermedades, reduciendo potencialmente los riesgos de patógenos por la fuga del hábitat y la evolución de cepas menos virulentas. La investigación adicional es crucial para predecir las futuras amenazas de la vida silvestre y las enfermedades humanas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Biología de la Conservación Biología de la Conservación.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las especies migratorias son reservorios conocidos para los patógenos zoonóticos.
- A menudo se presume que la migración animal solo mejora la transmisión de patógenos a nivel mundial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el complejo papel de la migración animal en la dinámica de los patógenos.
- Comprender cómo la migración influye en la propagación de enfermedades, la susceptibilidad del huésped y la evolución de los patógenos.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la investigación existente sobre la migración animal y la ecología de las enfermedades.
- Análisis de los factores que influyen en las interacciones huésped-patógeno durante la migración.
Principales resultados:
- La migración puede reducir las enfermedades al permitir a los huéspedes escapar de las áreas infectadas.
- La migración fallida en animales infectados puede reducir los niveles generales de la enfermedad.
- El estrés migratorio puede comprometer la inmunidad del huésped, aumentando la susceptibilidad.
- La migración puede impulsar la evolución de patógenos menos virulentos.
Conclusiones:
- La migración animal presenta un doble papel en la dinámica de las enfermedades, con potencial tanto de propagación como de mitigación.
- Comprender estas dinámicas es fundamental para predecir los riesgos de enfermedades zoonóticas bajo el cambio global.
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