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La base neuronal de la generación intuitiva del mejor próximo movimiento en los expertos en juegos de mesa
Xiaohong Wan1, Hironori Nakatani, Kenichi Ueno
1Cognitive Brain Mapping Laboratory, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 22, 2011
Resumen
Los expertos cognitivos se basan en procesos automáticos. Las imágenes cerebrales revelaron que los jugadores profesionales de shogi muestran actividad cerebral específica en el núcleo precúneo y caudado, lo que sugiere un circuito neuronal para la experiencia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia cognitiva es la neurociencia cognitiva.
- La neuroimagen es una técnica de neuroimagen.
Sus antecedentes:
- La experiencia en tareas cognitivas complejas se basa en procesos rápidos y automáticos.
- Comprender los fundamentos neuronales del desempeño de los expertos es crucial para la ciencia cognitiva.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las bases neuronales del rendimiento superior en expertos cognitivos.
- Para identificar regiones cerebrales asociadas con procesos automáticos en jugadores profesionales de shogi.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó imágenes de resonancia magnética funcional (fMRI).
- La actividad cerebral se comparó entre jugadores profesionales y aficionados de shogi durante el juego.
Principales resultados:
- Los jugadores profesionales exhibieron activaciones cerebrales únicas en el precúneo (lóbulo parietal) durante la percepción del patrón del tablero.
- Los profesionales también mostraron una activación específica en el núcleo caudado (ganglios basales) durante la generación rápida del siguiente movimiento.
- La actividad en el núcleo precúneo y caudado covariada durante las tareas relevantes en profesionales.
Conclusiones:
- El circuito precuneo-caudado parece ser crítico para la percepción automática de patrones de tablero y la generación del próximo movimiento en los expertos en shogi.
- Estos hallazgos destacan los mecanismos neuronales que apoyan la experiencia cognitiva de alto nivel a través del procesamiento automático.
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