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Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
Action Potentials01:41

Action Potentials

Overview
Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation01:28

Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation

The action potential is a complex electrical event that occurs in excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells. It consists of several distinct phases, each with specific characteristics.
Resting Phase:
In this phase, the cell's membrane is at its resting potential, typically around -70 millivolts (mV) for neurons. Inside the cell, there is a higher concentration of potassium ions (K+) and a lower concentration of sodium ions (Na+). Voltage-gated sodium channels are closed, and...
Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles01:24

Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles

Every cell in the body maintains a membrane potential due to an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges across its plasma membrane. The membrane potential is measured in millivolts and quantifies the difference in charge across the membrane.
Like neurons, muscle cells are also regarded as excitable due to their capacity to change in response to stimuli, primarily due to voltage-gated ion channels embedded in their plasma membranes, which get activated by alterations in the cell's...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Voltage-sensitive Dye Recording from Axons, Dendrites and Dendritic Spines of Individual Neurons in Brain Slices
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Published on: November 29, 2012

Modulación del potencial de acción durante la conducción axonal.

Takuya Sasaki1, Norio Matsuki, Yuji Ikegaya

  • 1Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 5, 2011
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los potenciales de acción (PA) cambian de forma a lo largo de los axones, contrariamente a la visión clásica. Esta modulación de la forma de onda, influenciada por factores locales, afecta la transmisión sináptica y puede permitir la computación axonal.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
  • Biología celular Biología celular.
  • Neurofisiología La neurofisiología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El entendimiento tradicional postula una propagación uniforme del potencial de acción (PA) a lo largo de los árboles axonales.
  • Este punto de vista asume que las AP no cambian la forma de onda durante el transporte axonal.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar si los potenciales de acción (PA) se someten a la modulación de la forma de onda durante la propagación axonal.
  • Explorar las consecuencias funcionales de los cambios de la forma de onda AP en la transmisión sináptica.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó pipetas fluorescentes de pinzas de parche para el registro ex vivo de APs de las ramas de axones de la neurona piramidal CA3 del hipocampo.
  • Aplicado glutamato y un antagonista del receptor de adenosina A(1) localmente a los ejes de los axones.
  • Se realizó el desenjaulado de calcio en astrocitos periaxonales para evaluar las interacciones entre astrocitos y neuronas.

Principales resultados:

  • Las formas de onda axonales de AP se ampliaron con la aplicación local de glutamato y un antagonista del receptor de adenosina A.
  • La liberación del calcio de los astrocitos, que conduce a la activación del receptor ionotrópico del glutamato, también amplió las AP.
  • Los AP ampliados resultaron en un aumento del calcio presináptico y una mejor transmisión sináptica.

Conclusiones:

  • Los potenciales de acción están sujetos a la modulación de la forma de onda local a lo largo de los axones, desafiando la visión clásica de la propagación uniforme.
  • Esta modificación de la AP, influenciada por la actividad astrocítica y la liberación local de neurotransmisores, puede alterar la eficacia sináptica.
  • La modulación local de AP puede representar un mecanismo para el cálculo axonal, aprovechando la geometría del cableado del axón.