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Mitochondria01:37

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
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Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
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La disfunción de los telómeros induce un compromiso metabólico y mitocondrial.

Ergün Sahin1, Simona Colla, Marc Liesa

  • 1Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Nature
|February 11, 2011
PubMed
Resumen

La disfunción de los telómeros deteriora la función mitocondrial mediante la activación de p53, que reprime los reguladores metabólicos clave. La restauración de estos factores o la eliminación de p53 mejora la salud mitocondrial y la función de los órganos, revelando un eje crítico telómero-p53-PGC.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Genética La genética.
  • Biología mitocondrial Biología mitocondrial

Sus antecedentes:

  • La disfunción de los telómeros causa atrofia tisular y deterioro funcional.
  • Su impacto se extiende a los tejidos en reposo, lo que requiere la investigación de los mecanismos comunes.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Identificar los mecanismos moleculares comunes que subyacen al impacto de la disfunción de los telómeros en diversos tejidos.
  • Para aclarar el vínculo entre la biología de los telómeros y la función mitocondrial.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de redes transcriptómicas en ratones que carecen de componentes de la telomerasa (Tert o Terc).
  • Investigó el papel de p53 (Trp53) y el receptor gamma activado por el proliferador peroxisomático, el coactivador 1 alfa y beta (PGC-1α/β).
  • Se evaluó la biogénesis mitocondrial, la función, la gluconeogénesis y la función cardíaca.

Principales resultados:

  • La disfunción de los telómeros condujo a una profunda represión de PGC-1α y PGC-1β.
  • Los ratones exhibieron deterioro de la función mitocondrial, disminución de la gluconeogénesis y cardiomiopatía.
  • p53 reprime directamente los promotores de PGC-1α/β, vinculando la disfunción de los telómeros con las vías metabólicas.

Conclusiones:

  • Un eje telómero-p53-PGC directo enlaza el mantenimiento de los telómeros con la homeostasis mitocondrial y metabólica.
  • Este eje contribuye a la insuficiencia orgánica y a la reducción de la aptitud del organismo bajo estrés telomérico.
  • Dirigirse a este eje puede ofrecer un potencial terapéutico para las enfermedades relacionadas con los telómeros.