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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
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Published on: March 25, 2020

Los barridos selectivos clásicos eran raros en la evolución humana reciente.

Ryan D Hernandez1, Joanna L Kelley, Eyal Elyashiv

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 19, 2011
PubMed
Resumen

Los barridos selectivos clásicos, un mecanismo clave de la evolución, parecen poco comunes en la historia de la humanidad. El análisis de 179 genomas humanos sugiere que este modelo de selección natural no fue dominante en los últimos 250.000 años.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Evolución del ser humano Evolución del ser humano
  • Genética de la población Genética de la población.
  • La genómica es la genómica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La identificación de adaptaciones genéticas en los seres humanos a menudo se basa en la detección de "barreras selectivas clásicas".
  • Un barrido selectivo clásico ocurre cuando una mutación beneficiosa se fija rápidamente en una población.
  • La prevalencia de este mecanismo de selección natural en la evolución humana sigue sin estar clara.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la evidencia de las barridas selectivas clásicas en la evolución humana.
  • Determinar si los barridos clásicos fueron una fuerza dominante que moldeó las adaptaciones humanas en los últimos ~ 250,000 años.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de los datos de resecuenciación de 179 genomas humanos.
  • Examen de los niveles de diversidad en relación con características genéticas como exones y regiones no codificantes conservadas.
  • Comparación de los mínimos de diversidad en torno a las sustituciones de aminoácidos específicos del ser humano frente a las sustituciones sinónimas.

Principales resultados:

  • Los niveles de diversidad disminuyeron cerca de los exones y las regiones no codificantes conservadas, como lo predijeron los modelos de barrido recurrente.
  • La reducción de la diversidad en torno a las sustituciones de aminoácidos específicos para el ser humano no fue mayor que en torno a las sustituciones sinónimas.
  • Los alelos en los aminoácidos y los sitios reguladores putativos no se enriquecieron significativamente para una alta diferenciación entre poblaciones.

Conclusiones:

  • Las barridas selectivas clásicas no fueron un impulsor principal de la adaptación humana en los últimos ~ 250,000 años.
  • Los hallazgos desafían la suposición de que los barridos clásicos son un modo dominante de adaptación evolutiva en los humanos.