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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...

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Published on: October 29, 2013

Geles basados en polímeros cíclicos.

Ke Zhang1, Melissa A Lackey, Jun Cui

  • 1Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 1, 2011
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las nuevas redes de polímeros cíclicos sintetizadas a través de la polimerización de la metátesis de expansión de anillo (REMP) y la química del tiol-eno exhiben propiedades mejoradas. Estos geles cíclicos de poli ((5-hidroxi-1-ciclocteno) (PACOE) muestran una inflamación superior y una resistencia mecánica en comparación con los geles de polímero lineal.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de Polímeros La Química de Polímeros es la química de los polímeros.
  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • Química orgánica es la química orgánica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las redes de polímeros tradicionales a menudo se sintetizan a partir de cadenas de polímeros lineales.
  • Los polímeros cíclicos ofrecen estructuras topológicas únicas que no se encuentran en análogos lineales.
  • Comprender las relaciones estructura-propiedad de las redes de polímeros cíclicos es crucial para el diseño de materiales avanzados.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Síntesis y caracterización de nuevos materiales de red a partir del poli- 5-hidroxi-1-ciclocteno cíclico (PACOE).
  • Investigar el impacto del uso de PACOE cíclico como precursor en las propiedades de la red en comparación con el PACOE lineal.
  • Explorar la influencia de la concentración inicial del polímero en las propiedades de estos nuevos geles de polímero cíclico.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis de PACOE cíclico a través de la polimerización de la metátesis de expansión de anillo (REMP).
  • Enlace cruzado de PACOE utilizando la química del tioleno para formar geles de red.
  • Caracterización de las propiedades del gel, incluida la fracción de gel (GF), el índice de hinchazón (Q) y el módulo (G) a diferentes concentraciones iniciales de polímero (C(0)).

Principales resultados:

  • Los geles PACOE cíclicos exhibieron unidades estructurales únicas con enlaces cruzados topológicos.
  • A diferencia de los geles PACOE lineales, los geles PACOE cíclicos mostraron aumentos simultáneos de GF, Q y G con un aumento de C(0).
  • Los geles PACOE cíclicos demostraron una mayor capacidad de hinchazón y una mayor deformación máxima en la ruptura que los geles PACOE lineales, con diferencias que se amplifican a C0 más alto.

Conclusiones:

  • Se pueden formar con eficacia nuevos materiales de red a partir del PACOE cíclico utilizando la química del tioleno.
  • El uso de precursores de polímeros cíclicos conduce a propiedades de red distintas en comparación con los precursores lineales.
  • Estos geles de polímeros cíclicos presentan candidatos prometedores para aplicaciones que requieren mayor hinchazón y robustez mecánica.