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Una vía de siRNA previene la retrotransposición transgeneracional en plantas sometidas a estrés
Hidetaka Ito1, Hervé Gaubert, Etienne Bucher
1Department of Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
Nature
|March 15, 2011
Resumen
El estrés térmico activa el retrotransposón ONSEN en Arabidopsis, lo que lleva a la transposición transgeneracional en la progenie que carece de pequeños ARN interferentes (siARN). Este proceso genera nuevas redes de genes sensibles al calor.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genética La genética.
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
- La epigenética es la epigenética.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los genomas eucariotas contienen retrotransposones, elementos genéticos móviles que suelen ser suprimidos por los mecanismos epigenéticos del huésped.
- Los mecanismos precisos por los cuales la regulación epigenética controla la actividad de la retrotransposona, especialmente bajo estrés ambiental, siguen siendo incompletamente entendidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la actividad y la transposición del retrotransposón de tipo copia ONSEN en las plántulas de Arabidopsis bajo estrés térmico.
- Aclarar el papel de los pequeños ARN interferentes (siRNA) en la supresión de la retrotransposición de ONSEN durante el estrés y a través de generaciones.
Principales métodos:
- Inducción del estrés térmico en las plántulas de Arabidopsis.
- Análisis de la transcripción de ONSEN y la síntesis de ADN extracromosómico.
- Evaluación de la transposición de ONSEN en tejidos vegetativos y a través de generaciones de plantas utilizando líneas mutantes deficientes en la biogénesis de siRNA.
- Caracterización de los patrones de inserción de ONSEN y su impacto en la expresión génica cercana.
Principales resultados:
- El estrés térmico activa ONSEN, lo que lleva a la síntesis de copias de ADN extracromosómico.
- Los mutantes de la vía del siRNA muestran una acumulación estimulada de ONSEN y una retrotransposición transgeneracional durante la gametogénesis después del estrés.
- Las inserciones ON SEN en la descendencia de mutantes estresados confieren respuesta térmica a genes adyacentes, formando nuevas redes reguladoras.
Conclusiones:
- La vía del siRNA es crucial para restringir la retrotransposición inducida por el medio ambiente.
- La biogénesis de siRNA comprometida permite que la retrotransposición ONSEN inducida por el estrés ocurra transgeneracionalmente, específicamente durante el desarrollo de los órganos reproductivos.
- Las explosiones de movilidad ON SEN pueden generar nuevas redes reguladoras de genes sensibles al estrés, lo que contribuye a la adaptación.
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