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Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

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Control de impulsos: dinámicas temporales en la transcripción génica

Nir Yosef¹, Aviv Regev

¹Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

|March 19, 2011

Resumen

Los patrones de expresión génica se adaptan a los estímulos a través de mecanismos moleculares. Esta revisión explora la dinámica temporal, centrándose en los patrones de impulso, sostenidos y oscilantes en la regulación génica.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
Genética La genética.
Biología de Sistemas Biología de Sistemas.

Sus antecedentes:

La regulación de la expresión génica es crucial para la adaptación y la función celular.
Comprender la dinámica temporal de la expresión génica es clave para descifrar las respuestas celulares.
El conocimiento existente sobre los mecanismos moleculares que dan forma al tiempo de expresión génica está fragmentado.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar la dinámica temporal de la expresión génica en eucariotas y procariotas.
Para delinear patrones temporales prototípicos de la expresión génica.
Para dilucidar los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes a estos patrones temporales.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura de estudios sobre la dinámica temporal de la expresión génica.
Análisis de mecanismos moleculares que incluyen circuitos de proteínas, secuencias cis-reguladoras y arquitectura de la cromatina.
Centrarse en las respuestas de impulso y su organización de orden superior.

Principales resultados:

Se identificaron patrones temporales distintos: expresión génica impulsiva, sostenida y oscilante.
Detalló la base molecular para generar estos patrones temporales.
Destacó la integración de los circuitos de proteínas centrales, los elementos promotores y la estructura de la cromatina.

Conclusiones:

La expresión génica exhibe diversas dinámicas temporales esenciales para la adaptación.
Las respuestas de impulso y su organización en cascada son críticas para los estímulos transitorios.
La compleja interacción de factores genéticos y epigenéticos da forma al tiempo de expresión génica.