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La neumonía viral es una neumonía viral
Olli Ruuskanen1, Elina Lahti, Lance C Jennings
1Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospitals, Turku, Finland. olli.ruuskanen@tyks.fi
Lancet (London, England)
|March 26, 2011
Resumen
La neumonía viral adquirida en la comunidad es común, afectando a 200 millones de personas anualmente. Las pruebas moleculares revelan que los virus son causas subestimadas, especialmente en los niños, con frecuentes coinfecciones que necesitan más estudio.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
- Pulmonología Pulmonología.
- Virología Virología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La neumonía viral adquirida en la comunidad (CAP) afecta a 200 millones de personas en todo el mundo cada año, con la misma incidencia en niños y adultos.
- Los diagnósticos moleculares revelan que la neumonía viral es frecuentemente subestimada.
- Los agentes virales comunes incluyen el virus sincitial respiratorio, los rinovirus y los virus de la gripe, con frecuentes co-infecciones duales y virales-bacterianas observadas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la comprensión actual de la CAP viral, incluidos los agentes causantes, los desafíos de diagnóstico y las estrategias de tratamiento.
- Para resaltar el papel subestimado de los virus en la PAC y la necesidad de más investigación.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura de los hallazgos de diagnóstico molecular y las observaciones clínicas relacionadas con el CAP viral.
- Análisis de datos sobre coinfecciones virales y bacterianas en poblaciones pediátricas y adultas.
Principales resultados:
- Los virus se identifican como causas significativas de CAP, especialmente en los niños, y en un tercio de los casos de adultos.
- Las infecciones virales duales y las coinfecciones virales-bacterianas son comunes, especialmente en los niños.
- Los factores clínicos pueden sugerir una etiología viral, pero no existe un algoritmo de diagnóstico definitivo.
Conclusiones:
- La PAC viral es una carga sustancial para la salud, a menudo subestimada.
- Las opciones actuales de tratamiento para la CAP viral son limitadas, sin un consenso claro sobre el uso de antibióticos para casos virales presuntos.
- Las vacunas contra la gripe son la medida preventiva primaria; se necesita más investigación para comprender las variaciones regionales y la patogénesis.
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