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Coevolución antagónica de bacterias y fagos en el suelo.

Pedro Gómez1, Angus Buckling

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. pedro.gomezlopez@zoo.ox.ac.uk

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 2, 2011
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las bacterias y sus virus (fagos) coevolucionan rápidamente en el suelo, mostrando dinámicas de selección fluctuantes a diferencia de las carreras armamentistas in vitro. Esto sugiere que la estructura de la comunidad microbiana está formada por una coevolución continua y restringida por los costos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ecología microbiana Ecología microbiana.
  • Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
  • Microbiología Ambiental y Microbiología Ambiental.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las bacterias y sus virus (fagos) exhiben una rápida coevolución en entornos de laboratorio.
  • La relevancia ecológica de las dinámicas de coevolución in vitro para los entornos naturales sigue siendo en gran medida inexplorada.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la dinámica de la coevolución de bacterias y fagos dentro de una comunidad microbiana natural del suelo.
  • Para comparar los patrones de coevolución del suelo con los modelos in vitro (tubo de ensayo) establecidos.

Principales métodos:

  • Empleó una metodología de "marca-recaptura" para rastrear poblaciones de bacterias y fagos en un entorno de suelo.
  • Analizó las trayectorias evolutivas de resistencia e infectividad a lo largo del tiempo.

Principales resultados:

  • Se ha demostrado una rápida coevolución entre bacterias y fagos en la comunidad del suelo.
  • Se observaron "dinámicas de selección fluctuantes" en el suelo, donde los huéspedes eran más resistentes a los fagos contemporáneos que pasados / futuros.
  • Contrastó la dinámica del suelo con la "dinámica de la carrera armamentista" típica de la evolución in vitro, atribuyendo las diferencias a los costos de la aptitud física que limitan la resistencia.

Conclusiones:

  • La coevolución en el suelo difiere significativamente de los entornos de laboratorio, caracterizada por una selección fluctuante.
  • Es probable que los costos de adaptación restrinjan la evolución de altos niveles de resistencia en los entornos del suelo.
  • La rápida coevolución de bacterias y fagos es un factor importante en la estructuración de las comunidades microbianas naturales.