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Modelado de esquizofrenia utilizando células madre pluripotentes inducidas por el hombre.

Kristen J Brennand1, Anthony Simone, Jessica Jou

  • 1Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Laboratory of Genetics, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla California 92037, USA.

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|April 15, 2011
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores reprogramaron las células de los pacientes en neuronas para estudiar la esquizofrenia (SCZD). Descubrieron que las neuronas SCZD tienen una conectividad deteriorada e identificaron cambios moleculares, ofreciendo nuevos conocimientos sobre este complejo trastorno psiquiátrico genético.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
  • Genética La genética.
  • Biología de las células madre Biología de las células madre

Sus antecedentes:

  • La esquizofrenia (SCZD) afecta al 1% a nivel mundial, con una alta heredabilidad (80-85%).
  • Estudios previos muestran una reducción del volumen cerebral y una actividad neurotransmisora alterada en la enfermedad.
  • Los defectos celulares y moleculares en SCZD siguen siendo poco conocidos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar los defectos celulares y moleculares en la esquizofrenia.
  • Para modelar la SCZD utilizando células madre pluripotentes inducidas derivadas del paciente (hiPSC).

Principales métodos:

  • La reprogramación directa de los fibroblastos de los pacientes con SCZD en hiPSCs.
  • Diferenciación de las hiPSC de SCZD en neuronas.
  • Análisis de la conectividad neuronal, la expresión génica y los niveles de proteínas.
  • Tratamiento de las neuronas SCZD con el antipsicótico loxapina.

Principales resultados:

  • Las neuronas derivadas de hiPSC de SCZD exhibieron una disminución de la conectividad neuronal, un número reducido de neuritas y una disminución de la expresión de los receptores de PSD95 y glutamato.
  • El perfil de expresión génica reveló alteraciones en las vías de señalización de AMP cíclica y WNT.
  • El tratamiento con loxapina mejoró los principales fenotipos celulares y moleculares de SCZD.

Conclusiones:

  • Las neuronas derivadas de células madre pluripotentes inducidas por humanos muestran fenotipos y cambios en la expresión génica asociados con la esquizofrenia.
  • Este estudio proporciona un modelo para investigar trastornos psiquiátricos genéticos complejos como el SCZD.
  • Los hallazgos sugieren posibles dianas terapéuticas dentro de las vías de señalización identificadas.